gpj;mj;fis xopg;gjw;fhd topKiwfs;

eilKiwapy; gpj;mj;fSf;F vjpuhf vt;thW NghuhLtJ? mtw;iw xopf;f Kw;gLk;NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs; vd;d> mZF Kiwfs; ahit> vd;gd gw;wp xU jh< mwpe;jpUg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.

midj;J gpj;mj;fSk; xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; ,U NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fSf;F ,lkpy;iy. xU rhjhuz gpj;mj;$l xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ thjg; gpujpthjq;fSf;F ,lkw;w cz;ikahFk;. xUKiw xUth; Jk;kptpl;L> 'my;`k;Jypy;yh`; t];]yhJ t];]yhK myh u]_ypy;yh`;" vdf; $wpdhh;. ,jidr; nrtpkLj;j mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ckh;(wop) mk;kdpjiu Nehf;fp 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; Jk;kpdhy; ,t;thW nrhy;tjw;F vkf;Ff; fw;Wj;jutpy;iyNa. 'my;`k;Jypy;yh`;"|vd;W khj;jpuNk $WkhW Nghjpj;jhh;fs;"|vdf; $wpdhh;. ,r;rk;gtj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLk; n\a;f; f];]hyp 'rpyiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; Xh; mw;g tplakhff; fUjg;gLfpd;w ,e;j E}jdj;ijf; fz;Lk; fz;bf;fhkypUg;gij ,g;D ckh; (wop) rhpfhztpy;iy. mk;kdpjh; ]{d;dhtpd; tuk;ig kPwhky;> mjpy; vj;jifa $LjYk; Fiwj;jYk; nra;ahkypUf;f Ntz;Lk;> mjw;F topfhl;LtJ jdJ flikahFk; vdf; fUjpdhh;. md;W ,g;D ckh; (wop) ,e;j E}jdj;Jf;F ,lk; nfhLj;jpUe;jhy; ,d;W gpj;mj; thjpfs; Jk;kptpl;Lr; nrhy;tjw;F gy fl;LiufisAk; mjw;Fg; gjpy; nrhy;tjw;F mijtpl ePskhd fl;LiufisAk; $l cUthf;fpapUf;ff;$Lk;. ,j;jifa rpwpa tptfhuq;fspy; Vw;gLk; E}jdq;fs;jhd; gbg;gbahfg; nghpa tplaq;fspYk; E}jdq;fis Vw;gLj;jj; J}z;LNfhyha; mikfpd;wd"|vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.

MapDk; ,];yhkpag; gpurhuj;jpd;NghJ gpj;mj;fis xopg;gjpy; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba gy mk;rq;fs; cz;L. ,];yhk;> ',y;k;"|vDk; mwpthfTk; 'j/th"|vDk; miog;ghfTk; 'jh;gpa;ah" vDk; gapw;rpahfTk; 'k/ufh"|vDk; Nghuhl;lkhfTk; kdpj r%fj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,];yhj;ij ve;j mbg;gilapy; r%fj;jpw;F Kd;itf;fpNwhk; vd;gijg; nghWj;J mjw;fhd mZFKiwfs; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;. ,];yhj;ij ',y;k;"| Mf toq;Ffpd;w nghOJ iff;nfhs;Sk; topKiwfisj;jhd; mjid j/ththf toq;Fk; nghOJk; iff;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy;iy. j/thtpd;NghJ iff;nfhs;Sk; mZFKiwfis tpl;Lk; tpj;jpahrkhf 'jh;gpa;ah"tpd;NghJ iff;nfhs;Sk; topKiwfs; mika Ntz;b Vw;gLk;. j/th> jh;gpa;ah> ,y;k; Mfpa epiyfspd; nghOJ fUj;jpw;nfhs;shj tplaq;fis> tpj;jpahrkhd topKiwfis 'k/ufh" vDk; Nghuhl;lj;jpd;NghJ filg;gpbf;f Ntz;b Vw;gLk;.

j/thtpd;NghJ ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba mk;rq;fis - j/thTf;fhd Kiwfis ,];yhkpa \hPmj; xU jdpj; jiyg;gpd; fPo; tpsf;FfpwJ. ,];yhkpa 'gpf;`;",y; (rl;lj;jpy;) ,J> 'm];]pah]J\; \u,a;ah gpj;j/th"|vd;Wk; 'my; `p];gh"|vd;Wk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,];yhkpa gpf;`; E}y;fs; ,ghjhj;> KMkyhj;> [pahdhj; Nghd;w mk;rq;fisj; jdpahd jiyg;Gf;fspd; fPo; Muha;tJ NghyNt NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l jiyg;Gf;fspd; fPo; j/th Kiw gw;wpAk; Mokhf tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

,t;tifapy; j/thf; fsj;jpy; gpj;mj;fis xopf;f Kw;gLk; NghJ filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba topKiwfisf; fPo;tUkhW njhFj;Jf; $wyhk;.

1. epjhdk;
2. Kf;fpakhdtw;wpw;f;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fy;.
3. gpj;mj;fis xopg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; Nkhrkhd tpisTfisj; jtph;j;jy;.
4. xopj;j gpj;mj;Jf;Fg; gpujpaPlhf mjidtplr; rpwe;j xd;iw toq;f Kay;jy;.
5. gpj;mj;fis xopg;gijtpl ]{d;dj;Jf;fis caph;g;gpg;gjpy; $ba ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;.
6. gpj;mj;Jf;fis xopg;gJNt KO ,];yhkpa j/ththFk; vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhs;shjpUj;jy;.
7. `pf;kh|vDk; Qhdj;ijAk; 'my;-kt;,oJy; `]dh"| vDk; ey;YgNjrj;ijAk; filg;gpbj;jy;.

1. epjhdk;

gpj;mj; xopg;gpd; nghOJ epjhdj;ijf; iff;nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhd Xh; mk;rkhFk;. gpj;M `fPfpa;ah Fy;ypa;ah vDk; gphptpy; mlq;Ffpd;w kpfg; ghuJ}ukhd gpj;mj;Jfis vjph;g;gjpYk;$l epjhdk; filg;gpbf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. `];uj; %]h(miy) mth;fs; kPfhj;jpw;fhf (my;yh`;itr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf) jd; r%fj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rpyiu mioj;Jf;nfhz;L nry;Yk; Ntisapy; my;yh`;it mtrukhfr; re;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;> mtdplkpUe;J fl;lisfisg; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w mthtpdhy; jd;NdhL te;jth;fisAk; Ke;jpf;nfhz;L J}h;]Pdh kiyia Nehf;fp tpiue;jhh;fs;. mt;thW mth;fs; nrd;w Ntisapy; my;yh`; mth;fis Nehf;fpf; Nfl;lijAk; mjw;F mth;fs; nfhLj;j gjpiyAk; mg;gjpYf;F my;yh`; nfhLj;j kWg;igAk; my;Fh;Md; fPo;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ:

''%]hNt> ePh; ck;Kila rdq;fistpl;L tpl;L ,t;tsT mtrukhf tUthNdd;? (vd;W my;yh`; Nfl;lhd;) mjw;fth;> mth;fs; ,Njh vd;idg; gpd;njhlh;e;Nj tUfpd;wdh;. vd; ,iwtNd> cd;idj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;J tjw;fhf mtru mtrukhf (Kd;djhfNt) te;Jtpl;Nld;. mjw;F ,iwtd;> mjd; fhuzkhf ehk; ck;Kila [dq;fisr; Nrhjidf;Fs;shf;fpNdhk;. rhkphp vd;Nghd; mth;fis topnfLj;Jtpl;lhd;"" vd;W $wpdhd;.

,t;trdj;jpy; tUk; 'gf" vDk; ,ilr; nrhy;Ny 'mjd; fhuzkhf" vd nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,khk; my; MY}]p jdJ '&`{y; kMdp" vDk; my;Fh;Md; tpsf;fTiuapy; ,t;trdj;jpy; tUk;> 'gf" vDk; ,ilr;nrhy;Yf;F ,f;fUj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJld; my;yh`; ,jd; %yk; %]h (miy) mth;fs; jd;idr; re;jpg;gjw;F epjhdkpoe;J mtrug;gl;bUf;ff;f$lhJ vd;Wk;> mth;fsJ mtruj;jpdhy;jhd; mk;kf;fs; rhkphpapdhy; topnfLf;fg;gl;lhh;fs; vd;Wk; $w tpUk;Gfpwhd; vd tpsf;Ffpwhh;.

my;yh`;itr; re;jpg;gijtpl NtW Nkyhd fhhpak; xd;wpUf;f KbahJ. MapDk;> mjw;Ff;$l epjhdkpoe;J mtrug;gLtjid ,];yhk; mq;fPfhpg;gjpy;iy vd;gjid ,e;epfo;r;rpapypUe;J tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

,];yhk; ,t;tptfhuj;ijAk; mikjpahf> mtrukpd;wp> epjhdj;Jld; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;Nw vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wJ. 'gjw;wKk; mtruKk; i\j;jhdpd; FzkhFk;> epjhdKk; mtrukpd;ikAk; u`;khdhd my;yh`;tpd; FzkhFk;"|vd;gJ egpnkhopahFk;. etPdfhy ,];yhkpa ,af;fq;fs; jkJ gzpapy; g+uz ntw;wpailahkypUg;gjw;F mtw;wpd; epjhdkpoe;j nraw;ghLfs; Kf;fpa fhuzq;fspy; xd;whFnkd ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fs; $Wfpd;wik ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. Fwpg;ghf fyhepjp a+Rg; my;fh;shtp ,t;tplaj;ij tpsf;fpAs;shh;.

2. Kf;fpakhdtw;wpw;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fy;

,J ,];yhkpa j/thTf;fhd Xh; mbg;gil tpjpahff; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tifapy; vy;yh gpj;mj;fSk; xNu juj;jpy; ,y;yhjjd; fhuzj;jpdhy;> mitaidj;ijAk; xNu epiyapy; itj;J Nehf;FtJk;> xopf;fg; NghuhLtJk; gpioahdjhFk;. khwhf> gpj;mj;fSf;fpilNa cs;s ju tpj;jpahrq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L> mtw;wpy; kpfg; ghuJ}ukhdtw;iw xopg;gjpNyNa $baftdk; nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

,t;tbg;gilapy; eilKiw tho;tpy; gy;NtWgl;l gpj;mj;fs; ,Ug;gpDk; mtw;wpy; Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;J Kf;fpaj;Jtkspj;J xopf;fg;gl Ntz;ba nghpa gpj;mj;fs; vit vd;gJ ,dq; fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;ehl;ilg; nghWj;jtiuapy; cld; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl Ntz;baJk; xopf;fg;gl Ntz;baJkhd (`fPfpa;ah Fy;ypa;ah vDk; gphptpylq;Fk; Kg;ngUk;) gpj;mj;J fisj;; jw;Nghija epiyapy; ,dq;fhz KbAk;. mitahtd:

1. `jPi] kWf;Fk; thjk;
2. midj;jpiw (mj;itj)f; nfhs;if
3. \PMf; Nfhl;ghL

,j;jifa 'gpj;M Fy;ypa;ah `fPfpa;ahit" xopg;gjw;Ff; nfhLf;fhj Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij gpj;M ,shgpa;ah vDk; ghuJ}uk; Fiwe;j gpj;mj;Jf;fis vjph;g;gjw;Ff; nfhLg;gjhdJ> j/th topKiwf;Fg; gpioahdjhFk;. Xt;nthd;iwAk; mjdjd; juj;jpy; itj;J Nehf;f Ntz;baJ <khd; Ntz;bepw;fpd;w Xh; mk;rkhFk;. my;yh`;Tk; mtdJ J}jUk; tFj;Js;s mikg;Gfis khw;WtJ ghuJ}ukhd Fw;wkhFk;. vdNt> 'gpj;M ,shgpa;ahf;fis" vjph;g;gjpy; $Ljyhd jPtpuk; fhl;LtJ jtph;f;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,jidapl;L tpsf;Ffpd;w m\;n\a;f; my;f];]hyp>,shgpa;ahthd gpj;mj;Jfis vjph;g;gjpy; epjhdkhd Nghf;iff; filg;gpbj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd;Wk;. mtw;iwr; nra;gth;fSf;F cz;ikia czh;j;Jtjpy; espdkhf ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;. ,j;jifa gpj;mj;Jfis td;ikahf vjph;f;fg;Ngha; mh;j;jkw;w Fog;gq;fs; Vw;gLtjidj; jtph;f;f Ntz;Lnkd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.

gpj;M ,shgpa;ah> gpj;M jh;fpa;ah Nghd;wd gpf;`{ hPjpahd fUj;J NtWghLfSf;F cl;gl;l mk;rq;fnsd;Wk;> mtw;wpy; xt;nthUtUk; mtutUf;Fhpa fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUg;gjpy; gpioapy;iynad;Wk; ,khk; `]Dy; gd;dh Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ,Nj fUj;ij ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ahTk; nfhz;Ls;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

3. gpj;mj;Jfis xopg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; Nkhrkhd tpisTfisj; jtph;j;jy;

xU gpj;mj;ij xopg;gjd; %yk; kpf Nkhrkhd tpisT Vw;gLk; vd;wpUg;gpd; me;j gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gijj; jtph;f;fNtz;Lk;. mjw;nfjpuhd Nghuhl;lj;ij ,ilepWj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhff; fPo;tUk;; epfo;r;rpiaf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

%]h (miy) mth;fs; my;yh`;itr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf J}h;]pdh kiyf;Fr; nrd;wpUe;jNghJ> rhkphp vd;gtd; %]h (miy) mth;fspd; r%fj;jth;fis xU fhis khl;il tzq;Fk; K\;hpf;Ffshf Mf;fptpl;lhd;. ,t;Ntisapy; mr;r%fj;jpy; %]h(miy) mth;fspd; gpujpepjpahf ,Ue;j `h&d; (miy) mth;fs; mg; ngUk; ghtr; nraiyf; fz;Lk;$l> mjid cld; jLf;fhJ nksdk; rhjpj;J tpl;lhh;fs;. jd; r%fj;jth;fs; topnfl;L tpl;lijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;l %]h (miy) mth;fs; NfhghNtrj;Jld; jpUk;gpte;J `h&d; (miy) mth;fis Nehf;fp fPo;tUkhW tpdtpdhh;fs;:

''`h&Nd> ,th;fs; topnfl;Lg; Nghdhh;fs; vd;W ePh; mwpe;j rkaj;jpy; vd;id ePh; gpd;gw;wp elf;f ck;ikj; jilnra;jJ vJ? ePh; vd;Dila fl;lisf;F khWnra;a Kw;gl;Buh?(vd;W $wp mtUila jhbiaAk; jiyKbiaAk; gpbj;jhh;) mjw;fth;>vd;jha; kfNd> vd; jhbiaAk; jiyiaAk; gpbj;jpOf;fhjPh;. ',];uaPypd; re;jjpfSf;fpilapy; ePh; gphptpidia cz;Lgz;zptpl;Bh;> ePh; vd;Dila thh;j;ijfisf; ftdpf;ftpy;iy|vd;W ePh; vd;idf; fLfLg;gPh; vd epr;rakha; ehd; gae;Njd;!(mjdhy;jhd; mth;fis ehd; cld; mg;ghtj;ij tpl;Lk;; jLf;ftpy;iy)"" vd;whh;.

`h&d; (miy) mth;fsJ ,g;gjpiy %]h (miy) mth;fs; Ml;Nrgpf;ftpy;iy> kWj;Jiuf;ftpy;iy. xU egpapd; fz;nzjpNu mthpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPOs;sth;fs; kpfg; ngUq; Fw;wkhd \ph;f;ifr; nra;a Kide;jNghJk;> mij cld; jLg;gjdhy; r%fj;jpy; gpsTk; gphptpidAk; Fog;gKk; Vw;gLk; vd;w fhuzj;jpw;fhf mjid me; egp jLf;fhkhy; ,Uf;fpwhh;. jdJ rNfhjud; te;j gpd; mtUld; ,g;gpur;rpidia Muha;e;J ,jw;F vt;thW ghpfhuk; fhzyhk; vd;W rpe;jpj;Jr; nray;gLtNj rhyr; rpwe;jJ vd;W fUJfpwhh;. ,J vj;jifa nghpa gpj;mj;jhapDk; mjid xopg;gjpy; epjhdk; Njit vd;gijf; fhl;LtNjhL> xU gpj;mj;ij xopf;f Kidtjdhy; mjidtplg; ghuJ}ukhd tpisTfs; Vw;gLnkd;wpUg;gpd; Fwpj;j gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gij ,ilepWj;jk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; fhl;LfpwJ. ,g;Nghf;fpw;F egp (]y;) mth;fsJ ]PuhtpYk; ngUe;njhifahd cjhuzq;fisf; fhz KbfpwJ. xUKiw egp (]y;) mth;fs; Map\h (wop) mth;fis Nehf;fp 'cq;fSila r%fj;jth;fs; kpf mz;ikf;fhyk; tiu [h`pypa;aj;NjhL njhlh;Gs;sth;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,y;iynadpy; f/ghtpd; xt;nthU fy;iyAk;$lj; jfh;j;J kPz;Lk; ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mth;fs; ,l;l mj;jpthuj;jpypUe;J fl;bapUg;Ngd;"|vd;whh;fs;. egpath;fs; f/ghit ,bj;J> jhd; tpUk;gpathW ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mth;fsJ mj;jpthuj;ij itj;Jf; fl;l Kw;glhjpUe;jjw;Ff; fhuzk;> mwG r%fj;jpy; mjd; fhuzj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; Fog;gj;ijj; jtph;g;gjw;fhFk; vd;w cz;ikia ,e;egpnkhopap ypUe;J tpsq;f KbfpwJ. Vnddpy;> mwgpfs; ,];yhj;Jf;F Kd;Ng f/gh kPJ jPtpukhd gw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. egp (]y;) mth;fs; mjidj; jfh;f;f Kw;gl;lhy; epr;rak; mwgpfs; rfpf;f khl;lhh;fs;> khwhf ngUk; gpur;rpidAk; Fog;gKNk Njhd;Wk;. ,jid egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwpe;jpUe;jjdhy;jhd; mj;jifa Fog;gj;ijj; jtph;g;gjw;Fj; jdJ jpl;lj;ijr; nray;gLj;jhky; tpl;Ltpl;lhh;fs;.

NkYk; xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy;> md;]hhpfspy; rpyh; egpath;fsplk; te;J> 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu> ,d;wpuT ehq;fs; vq;fSf;nfjpuhd fhgph;fs; midtiuAk; nfhiynra;J tpLNthk;. ehisf; fhiyapy; cq;fSf;F cq;fsJ j/thitg; gfpuq;fg;gLj;jp Ml;rpahsuhfTk; khwptpl KbAk;"|vd;W $wpdhh;. mjw;F egpath;fs;> ',t;thW mtrug;gl;Lr; nray;gLkhW ehd; Vtg;gltpy;iy" vdg; gjpyspj;J> mth;fsJ MNyhridia kWj;Jiuj;jhh;fs;. md;W egp (]y;) tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; ,t;thpa re;jh;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp mk;kf;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;jp kpf Ntfkhd rPh;jpUj;jj;ij Nkw;nfhz;bUf;f KbAk;. kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; jdJ gpurhuj;jpy; ntw;wpngWk; tha;g;ig mile;jpUf;f KbAk;. Mdhy;> egp (]y;) mth;fs; ,j;jifa Nghf;if j/thTf;fhd rhpahd mZF Kiwahff; fUjtpy;iy. xU egpahf ,Ue;Jk; my;yh`;tpd; cjtpAk; topfhl;ly;fisAk; Neubahfg; ngWk; mtdJ J}juhf ,Ue;Jk;> ,Ugj;jp %d;W tUlq;fs; mth;fs; jkJ rPh;jpUj;jg; gzpia Nkw;nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. jkf;Fg; gpd;dhy; tUgth;fs; tpisTfisr; rpe;jpf;fhJ> ghjpg;Gf;fisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;shJ epjhdkpoe;J> j/thg; gzpapy; <Lglf;$lhJ vd;gjw;F Kd;khjphpahf egpath;fs; jkJ j/thg; gzpia mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;fs;.

'midj;J gpj;mj;JfSf;Fk; vjpuhfg; NghuhLtJk; mtw;iw xopg;gJk; flikahf ,Ug;gpDk;> mtw;iw tplj; jPikahd tpisTfs; Vw;glhjthW mtw;iw xopg;gjw;F rpwe;j mZFKiwfisf; filg;gpbj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd" ,khk; `]Dy; gd;dh $Wfpwhh;. ,t;tk;rk; \hPM $Wfpd;w xU nghJ tpjpnad mwpQh; ]<j; `t;th Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah 'xU ghtj;ij mjidtpl xU ngUk; ghtj;ijr; nra;tjd; %yk; jLf;fyhfhJ"|vdf; $Wfpwhh;. 'xU gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gjdhy; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gpsTk;> gphpTk;> FNuhjKk; vjph;g;G kdg;ghd;ikAk; Vw;gLnkd;wpUg;gpd; Fwpj;j gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gijj; jtph;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;" vd;fpwhh; mwpQh; k`;%j; mg;Jy; `yPk;.

,khk; ,g;D ijkpah mth;fs;> jhj;jhhpah;fs; kJghdk; mUe;Jtijj; jLf;f Ntz;lhk; vd jdJ khzth;fis Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhh;. Vnddpy;> mth;fs; kJghdk; mUe;jpdhy; Nghijapd; fhuzkhfj; J}q;fptpLthh;fs;. mth;fs; J}q;fptpl;lhy; K];ypk;fs; mth;fsJ jPq;FfspypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;. mth;fs; kJghdk; mUe;jtpy;iyahapd; ,utpYk; tpopj;Jf;nfhz;b Ug;ghh;fs;. tpopj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhy; K];ypk;fisf; nfhiy nra;Jk;> mth;fsJ nrhj;Jf;fis mgfhpj;Jk; khdgq;fg;gLj; jpAk; ml;lfhrk; Ghpthh;fs;. vdNt> mth;fs; kJghdk; mUe;Jtjdhy; Vw;gLk; jPq;Ffistpl mUe;jhkypUg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; jPq;Ffs; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; vdf; fz;ljdhy;jhd;> jdJ khzth;fisj; jhj;jhhpah;fs; kj;jpapy; kJghdj;jpw; nfjpuhfg; gpurhuk; nra;a Ntz;lhnkdj; jLj;jhh;fs;.

,t;tplak; njhlh;ghf \hPM $Wk; gy rl;ltpjpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 'xU jPikia mijtpl Nkhrkhd jPikiaf; nfhz;L xopg;gJ $lhJ" vd;gJ xU rl;l tpjpahFk;. 'ed;ikfs; ngwg;gLtijtpl> jPikfs; Vw;gLtJ jtph;f;fg;gLtJ gpujhdkhdJ" vd;gJ NkYk; xU rl;l tpjpahFk;. 'xU nghpa jPq;if xU rpW jPq;iff; nfhz;L ePf;f Ntz;Lk;" vdTk; xU rl;ltpjp $WfpwJ. cjhuzkhf xU gpj;mj;ij vjph;g;gjdhy; r%fj;jpy; mijtpl Nkhrkhd xU ghjpg;G Vw;gLkhapd; mJ xU nghpa jPq;fhff; fUjg;gLk;. ,e;epiyapy; mg;nghpa jPq;F Vw;gLtijj; jtph;g;gjw;F Fwpj;j gpj;mj;ij vjph;f;fhkypUf;Fk; rpwpa jPq;ifr; nra;tjpy; jtwpy;iy.

4. xopj;j gpj;mj;Jf;Fg; gpujpaPlhf mjid tplr; rpwe;j xd;iw toq;f Kay;jy;

r%fj;jpypUe;J xU gpj;mj;ijf;fisAk; Ntisapy; mjw;Fg; gpujpaPlhf \hPmj; $Wk; xd;iw Kd;itf;f Kay Ntz;Lk;. xU gpj;mj;jpy; VjhtJ ed;ik ,Ug;gpd; mjid xopf;Fk;NghJ mjw;Fg; gfukhf KbAkhdtiu \hPM mDkjpf;Fk; xU ew;fU kj;ij Kd;itf;f Kay Ntz;Lk;. cs;sq;fs; vg;nghOJk; xd;iwg; gpujpaPlhfg; ngwhky; xd;iw tplhJ. xUth; xU ed;ikia tpLtjhapd; mij xj;j xd;iwNah my;yJ mjidtplr; rpwe;j xd;iwNah ngw;w gpd;dNu mjid tpl Ntz;Lk;> vd;W $Wk; ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah> njhlh;e;J gpj;mj;fisr; nra;Nthh; Fiw$wg;gl Ntz;bath;fshfTk; Fw;wk; fhzg;gl Ntz;bath;fshfTk; ,Ug;gJ NghyNt egpfshupd; ]{d;dhf;fis tpLNthUk; nraw;gLj;jhNjhUk; fz;bf;fj;jf;fth;fshfNt ,Uf;fpd;wdh; vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

5. gpj;mj;Jfis xopg;gijtpl ]{d;dj;Jfis caph;g;gpg;gjpy; $ba ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;

kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gpj;mj;Jfis ,dk; fhl;Lk; mNj Ntisapy; rhpahd ]{d;dhf;fis mth;fSf;F mwpKfg;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;. gpj;mj;Jf;fis xopg;gjpy; nrYj;Jk; ftdj;ijtpl ]{d;dhf;fis caph;g;gpg;gjpy; $ba mf;fiw nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,ghjj;JfspYs;s gpj;mj;Jfis vjph;f;fpd;w gyh; ]{d;dhf;fis vLj;J elg;gjpYk; mtw;iwg; gpwUf;F VTtjpYk; rpuj;ijaw;wth;fsha; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. me;j gpj;mj;Jfisr; nra;gth;fspd; epiyiatpl> gy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,j;jifath;fspd; epiy NkhrkhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. cz;ikapy;> khh;f;fk; vd;gJ ed;ikiaf; nfhz;L VTtJk; jPikapypUe;J jLg;gJ khFk;. ,t;tpuz;by; xd;wpd;wp mLj;jJ epiyf;f KbahJ vd ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ,f; fUj;ijf; $Wk; mth;> njhlh;e;J kdpj cs;sq;fs; vg;nghOJk; nray;gLtij tpUk;Gfpd;wdNt md;wp nraypoe;jpUg;gijay;y vdf; $Wfpwhh;. ,J Xh; cstpay; hPjpahd cz;ikahFk;.

6. gpj;mj;Jfis xopg;gJNt KO ,];yhkpa j/ththFk; vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhs;shjpUj;jy;

,];yhkpa gpur;rhuk; vd;gJ gpj;mj;Jfis vjph;j;Jg; NghuhLtNj vdf; fUJtJ gpioahdjhFk;. ,];yhk; jdf;nfd Xh; Ml;rpiaAk; r%fj;ijAk; ngw;W NkNyhq;fpapUe;j fhyg; gFjpapy; gpj;mj;Jfis xopg;gJ khj;jpuk; rpyNtis ,];yhkpag; gpurhukhf mike;jpUf;f ,lKz;L. Mdhy; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lk; mj;jifajy;y. ngUk;ghyhd mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb ,d;W ,];yhk; 'my; Fh;gj;J]; ]hdpah"|vDk; ,uz;lhtJ mehjuthd> mwpKfkw;w epiyia mile;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,];yhk; ,d;W Ml;rpgPlj;jpypy;iy. kdpj tho;tpd; gy JiwfSf;F mJ ,d;W me;epakhdjhf khwpAs;sJ. mjw;nfjpuhd rjpj;jpl;lq;fs;> mJ vjph;Nehf;f Ntz;bAs;s rthy;fs; xd;wpuz;ly;y. vdNt> ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilfNs Ml;lq;fz;Ls;s ,j;jifa xU fhyg;gphptpy; ,ghjj;fspy; fhzg;gLk; gpj;mj;Jf;fis vjph;g;gNj KO j/thTkhFnkd;W fUJtJ vt;tsT J}uk; mgj;jkhdJ! MfNt gpj;mj;Jf;fis xopg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rp KO ,];yhkpa j/thtpd; xU gFjpNaahFk; vd;gjidAk; ,];yhkpag; gpurhufh;fs; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk

7. 'my;`pf;kh"|vDk; Qhdj;ijAk; 'my;kt;,oj;Jy; `]dh" vDk; ey;YgNjrj;ijAk; filg;gpbj;jy;

'cyfpy; ,U tplaq;fSf;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l epajpfs; fpilah. mtw;wpy;> xd;W Aj;jkhFk;. mLj;jJ md;ghFk;"|vdf; $Wk; nksyhdh mGy; `]d; myp ej;tp|'tiuaWf;fg;gl;l epajpfSf;Fl;glhj %d;whtJ Xh; mk;rKk; cz;L. mJ j/ththFk;"|vdf; $Wfpd;whh;. cz;ikapy;> ,];yhk; gpurhuj;Jf;fhd nghJthd topfhl;ly;fis khj;jpuNk toq;FfpwJ. ,t;tifapy; 'my;`pf;kh"|vDk; Qhdj;ijAk;> 'my; kt;,oJy; `]dh"|vDk; ey;YgNjrj;ijAk; nfhz;L> re;jh;g;g #o;epiyfisf; ftdpj;J> j/thtpy; <Lgl Ntz;bAs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpag; gpurhuk; ntw;wpngw 'my;`pf;kh"|nghpJk; JizGhpa KbAk;. ,jdhy;jhd; my;Fh;MDk;> mjid typAWj;JfpwJ. ''(egpNa) ePh; ckJ ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; `pf;kh vDk; Qhdj;JlDk; tpeaj;JlDk; miog;gPuhf""(16:125) `pf;kh vd;gJ tpeaKk; espdKk; gadspf;Fk; Ntisapy; mtw;iwf; iff;nfhz;L ,];yhkpag; gpurhuk;nra;tJk;> fLikAk; jPtpuKk; Njitg;gLk; Ntisapy; mt;thW ele;J ,];yhkpag; gzp nra;tJkhFk;. ,e;j `pf;khtpdbg;gilapy;jhd; eph;g;ge;jj;jpd; NghJ Fg;h; fypkhit nkhoptjw;Fk; Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ ngha;Aiug;g jw;Fk; Vkhw;Wtjw;Fk; mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ. ,jdbg;gilapy;jhd; K\;hpf;fis xopf;f mth;fisr; Nrh;e;jth;fisNa cjtpahff; nfhs;tjw;Fk; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njs`Pij epiyehl;l te;j my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; (]y;) kf;fhtpy; tho;e;j fhyg; gphptpy; my;yh`;tpd; Myakhk; f/gJy;yhtpy; gy E}W tpf;fpufq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; mtw;iwf; fz;Lk; fhzhjth;fshfg; nghWikiaf; iff;nfhz;L epjhdkpof;fhky; my;yh`;it tzq;Ftjpy; <LgLtjhdJ my;Fh;Md; $Wk; Nkyhd `pf;khitr; rhh;e;jjhFk;.

gpj;mj;Jfis xopf;f Kw;gLk;nghOJ> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l mk;rq;fisf; ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L nraw;gLfpd;w mNj Ntisapy;> kdjpw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba NkYk; Xh; mk;rk; ahnjdpy;> gpj;mj;Jf; fspy; <LgLNthiu ek;iktpl;Lk; J}ukhd xU jdpg; gphptpduhff; fUjf;$lhJ vd;gjhFk;. fypkhit nkhope;j midtiuAk; ,];yhkpa tl;lj;Jf;Fs; itj;Nj Nehf;f Ntz;Lk;. 'xUthpd; mfPjhit mwpahjtiuf;Fk; mtiu ehk; K];ypk; vdf; $wkhl;Nlhk;|vd;w fUj;Jk; gpj;mj;jhdNj" vd mwpQh; mg;Jy; u`;khd; mg;Jy; fhypf; $Wfpwhh;. 'ePh; ckf;F mwpe;jtUf;Fk; mwpahjtUf;Fk; ]yhk; nrhy;tPuhf"|vd;w egpnkhopiaf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

,khk; `]Dy; gd;dh> fypkhit nkhope;j midtiuAk; K];ypk;fshf Vw;W> mth;fis vk;NkhL Nrh;j;J ,izj;J> ,];yhkpa rNfhjuj;Jt cwtpdhy; vk;Kld; gpizj;J> gpd;dh; jh;gpaj;jpD}lhf mth;fSf;Fr; rhpahd ,];yhk; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijf; nfhLg;gNj KiwahFk; vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mth;fs; xU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; 'k[y;yJy; ,f;thd;"|vDk; jdJ ,af;f rQ;rpifapy; ,Jgw;wp tpsf;fp vOjpdhh;. xU nghpa rJuj;ij tiue;J mjd; kj;jpapy; xU rpwpa rJuj;ij tiue;J nghpa rJuj;jpd; ehY gf;fq;fspYk; 'fypkh ja;apghit"|vOjptpl;L ,];yhj;ijr; rhpahf tpsq;fp Vw;wpUg;Nghh; vz;zpf;ifapy; rpwpa rJuj;ij xj;jth;fnsd;Wk;> ngUk;ghyhd K];ypk;fs; nghpa rJuj;jpNyNa mlq;Fth; vd;Wk;> mth;fisAk; K];ypk;fshf Vw;W vk;NkhL ,izj;Jf;nfhs;tNj jkJ nfhs;if vd;Wk; xU Fwpg;igf; fPNo vOjpapUe;jhh;.

gpj;mj;Jf;fspd; ghuJ}uk;> mtw;iwr; nra;gth;fisg; nghWj;Jk; tpj;jpahrg;gLk; vd;gjidAk; ,];yhkpag; gpurhufh;fs; kwe;J tplyhfhJ. xU nghJkfd; ed;ikia ehb xU gpj;mj;ijr; nra;tjdhy; ghtpahf khl;lhd;. rpyNtis mtdJ ey;nyz;z j;jpd; fhuzkhf mtDf;F ed;ik$lf; fpilf;f ,lKz;L. mNj gpj;mj;ij Xh; Mypk; nra;fpd;w nghOJ xU ngUk; Fw;wj;ijr; nra;jjhff; fUjg;gLth;. ,f;fUj;ij ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah> egp (]y;) mth;fspd; gpwe;j ehisf; nfhz;lhLtij cjhuzkhff; fhl;b tpsf;fpAs;shh;.

crhj;Jizfs;

1. my;-,/jp]hk;-,khk; m\;\hjpgp- ghfk; 2> gf; 293-362
2. my;-Kthgfhj;- ,khk; m\;\hjpgp- ghfk; 3> gf;. 54-56
3. my;-gpj;M-j`;jPJ`h-t- nksfpGy; ,];yhk;-kpd;`h-fyhepjp ,];]j; myp mjpa;ah gf;;. 189-245
4. ,f;jpohc\;]puhjpy; K];jfPk;- ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah> gf;. 296-298
5. ya;] kpdy; ,];yhk;- m\;n\a;f; K`k;kj; my; f];]hyp> gf;. 64-71
6. `{[;[Jy;yh`py; ghypfh- \h`; typAy;yh`; mj;jp`;ytP> ghfk; 1> gf; 17> 255
7. k[;K/ gjhth ,g;D ijkpah- ,khk; ,g;D ijkpah- ghfk; 13> gf;; 58
8. mh;hp]hyh- ,khk; m\;\hgp<- gf; 27
9. my;- ,`;thDy; K];yp%d;- m`;jh]{d; ]dmjpj;jhhP`; - fyhepjp k`;%j; mg;Jy; `yPk;> ghfk;-2> gf; 356
10. ma;dy; fyy;- fyhepjp a+]{g; my;- fh;shtp
11. gP Mghfpj; jMypk;- ]<j; `t;th> gf; 100
12. G]{Yd; kpd];]pah]jp\; \u,a;ah gP mj;j/tjp ,yy;yh`; - mg;Jh; u`;khd; mg;Jy; `hypf;> gf; 107> 199-228

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