tsh;e;J tUk; tpQ;Qhd njhopy; El;gk; ,];yhj;jpw;F mr;RWj;jyh?

,d;W ehk; fhZk; mjprapf;fj;jf;f mwptpay;> njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf> jw;fhy cyif 'mwptpay; Afk;" vd;W th;zpg;gh;. fzdp (Computer)> kpd;mQ;ry; (E-Mail)> ,izak; (Internet) b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gk; vd jfty; njhopy; El;gj;Jiw gy mw;Gjq;fis epfo;j;jpf; fhl;b> cyif xU G+Nfhsf; fpuhkkhf (Global Village) khw;wpAs;sJ. cyfk; xU G+Nfhsf; FLk;gkhf (Global Family) RUq;Fk; ehs; ntF njhiy tpypy;iy vd ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ. kW gf;fj;jpy; mwptpay; Muha;r;rpapd; cr;r epiyapy; 'Nghyhf;fk;" (Cloning) vDk; nraw;ghL cyif ngU tpag;gpy; Mo;j;jpAs;sJ.

,j;jifa mwptpay; njhopy;El;g tsh;r;rpapd; gpd;dzpapy; kj ek;gpf;ifahdJ Nfs;tpf;Fwpahf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,J 'mwptpay; Afk;;;> kjj;jpw;Fhpa fhyky;y. kjkhdJ mjd; gq;fspg;ig tuyhw;wpy; nra;J Kbj;J tpl;lJ. etPd tho;f;if mikg;gpy; mjw;F ,lkpy;iy" vd;w thjk; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F gpd;tUtd Mjhuq;fshff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

1. mwptpaypd;wp xU ehfhpfk; Njhd;w KbahJ. kjNkh mwptpaYf;F vjpuhdjhFk;. rkfhy Nkw;Fyfpd; midj;Jj;Jiw rhh;e;j Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; mJ kjj;ij epuhfhpj;J> mwptpaiy Vw;W tpRthrpj;jikNa fhuzkhFk;.
2. kdpj tho;T tuyhw;W Nehf;fpy; %d;W fl;lq;fis nfhz;lJ. mitahtd:

1. rkak;
2. jj;Jtk;
3. mwptpay;

%d;whk; fl;lNk ,Wjpf;fl;lkhFk;.

4. kjk; vd;gJ mgpid Nghd;wJ. kdpj r%fk; mjpypUe;J tpLglhj tiu mjw;F tpLjiy ,y;iy. RgPl;rk; ,y;iy.

mwpTk; mwptpaYk; ,d;wp ehfhpfk; Njhd;w KbahJ vd;gJ xU NgUz;ikahFk;. MapDk; kjk; mwptpaYf;F KuzhdJ> mJ mwptpaiy Ml;Nrgpf;fpd;wJ vd;w thjk; gpioahdjhFk;. kjk; mwptpaYf;F vjpuhdJ vd;w fUj;J INuhg;gpa tuyhw;wpy; eilngw;w rpy epfo;Tfis mbg;gilahf itj;J vOe;jNthh; INuhg;gpa Nehf;fhFk;. kjj;jpw;Fk; mwptpaYf;Fk; ,ilapy; cyfpy; NtW vq;Fk; Nghuhl;lq;fs; epfotpy;iy. mJ INuhg;ghtpNyNa epfo;e;jJ. kdpj tuyhw;wpy; kjk; mwpT tsh;r;rpf;F jilahf vq;Fk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. INuhg;ghtpy; jhd; fpwp];jtf; Nfhapy; mwpT Muha;r;rpf;Fk;> Rje;jpukhd rpe;jidf;Fk; vjpuhf tuyhw;wpd; kj;jpa fhyg;gphptpy; nraw;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; ,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;j tiuapy;> mJ mwpT Muha;r;rpia Cf;Ftpj;j khh;f;fk; kl;Lky;y> mwpit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vOe;j khh;f;fKkhFk;. mJ mwpT Muha;r;rpf;F nfhLf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mjprapf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. fy;tpapdJk; mjidf; fw;gtdJk;> mjidf; fw;gpg;gtdJk; rpwg;Gfisg; gw;wp ,];yhk; tphpthfg; NgrpAs;sJ. my;FHMid Muha;e;J Nehf;Fifapy; mJ mwpTj;Jiwf;F nfhLj;jpUf;Fk; mOj;jj;ijAk; Kf;fpaj;J tj;ijAk; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

'mwpT" vDk; nghUs;gLk; ',y;k;" vDk; gjk; my;FHMdpy; vz;gJ ,lq;fspy; ,lk;ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gjj;jpypUe;J gpwe;j nrhw;fNsh my;FHMdpy; gy E}W jlitfs; te;Js;sd. mwpT vDk; fUj;ij nfhLf;Fk; 'my;-my;ghg;" vDk; nrhy; my;FHMdpy; 16 jlitfs; ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ. Fwpj;j nghUisj; jUk; 'me;E`h" vDk; nrhy; ,U jlitfs; ,lk;ngw;W ,Uf;fpd;wJ. my;FHMdpy; 'my;-mf;y;" vDk; gjk; mwpT vd;Dk; nghUisj;jUk;. mjpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,e;j tpidabapypUe;J gpwe;j nrhw;fspd; vz;zpf;if 49 MFk;. rpe;jid vd;w fUj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLjk; 'my;-gpf;h;" vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J gpwe;j 18 nrhw;fSk; my;FHMdpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. 'my;-gpf;`;" tpsf;fk; vd;w gjj;jpypUe;J gpwe;j 21 nrhw;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 'my;-`pf;kh" (Qhdk;) vd;w gjk; 20 jlitfs; te;Js;sJld;> Mjhuk; vDk; nghUs;gLk; 'my;-GH`hd;" vd;w nrhy; 7 jlitfSk; my;FHMdpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;Wld; Muha;jy;> Nehf;Fjy;> rpe;jpj;jy; Nghd;w fUj;Jf;fisj; jUk; gy nrhw;fSk; my;FHMdpy; Mq;fhq;Nf ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

,it midj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf my;FHMdpy; Muk;gkhf ,wq;fpa trdq;fNsh> mwpitg;gw;wpAk; mwptpd; mbg;gilfsfj; jpfOk; thrpg;G> vOj;J> vOJNfhy; gw;wpAk; NgRtij ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

]_wJy; myf;fpd; ,t;thuk;g trdq;fisj; njhlh;e;J ,wq;fpa ]_wh 'my;fykpd;" Muk;g trdKk; mwptpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;JtjhfNt mike;Js;sJ.

,J Nghd;W MuhAkhWk;> rpe;jpf;FkhWk; kdpjh;fisj; J}z;Lfpd;w Rkhh; 35 trdq;fs; my;FHMdpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fy;tpiaj; Njb cyfpy; gazk; nra;AkhW MHt%l;Lk; Rkhh; 50 trdq;fis my;FHMdpy; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

my;FHMdpy; gpugQ;rk; njhlh;ghfTk; mwptpay; mj;jhl;rpfs; njhlh;ghfTk; NgRfpd;w Rkhh; 750 jpUtrdq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mJ kl;Lkh?

my;FHMdpy; ,aw;if> tpQ;Qhdk;> thdtpay;> jhtutpay;> kpUftpay;> tptrhak;> khdpltpay;> kNdhjj;Jtk;> kUj;Jtk;> r%ftpay;> tuyhW> Gtpapay; Nghd;w fiyfs; njhlh;ghd gy cz;ikfSk; mf;fiyfSld; njhlh;ghd gy mbg;gilfSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd.

my;FHMd; mwptpd; mtrpaj;ij ve;jsT typAWj;Jfpd;wnjdpy;> ''mwpQHfNs my;yh`;it rhpahf mQ;Rthh;fs;"" vdf; $Wfpd;wJ.

NkYk; my;FHMd; mwpahikiaAk; klikiaAk; gw;wp $Wk;NghJ> ''mJ eufj;jpd; ghij"" vd th;zpf;fpd;wJ. ghh;f;f: my; m/uhg;: 79.

ngUk;ghyhd `jP]; fpue;jq;fspy; 'fpjhGy; ,y;k;" vDk; ngahpy; mwpitg; gw;wpg; NgRk; `jP];fisf; nfhz;l xU jdpahd mj;jpahaj;ijf; fhz KbAk;. mwpTld; njhlh;ghd gy `jP];fs; NtW gy mj;jpahaq;fspYk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. cjhuzkhf 'fpjhGj;jpg;gp" (kUj;Jtk; gw;wpaJ) vd;w mj;jpahaj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd `jP]; fpue;jq;fspy; xd;whd ]`P`{y; Gfhhpapy; khj;jpuk; 'fpjhGy; ,y;k;" vDk; mj;jpahaj;jpy; 102 egpnkhopfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

my;FHMd; tpQ;Qhd> ifj;njhopy;> njhopy;El;g Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F Mf;fKk;> Cf;fKk; nfhLg;gij fhzKbfpd;wJ. ,d;iwa ifj;njhopy; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;Fg; gpujhd fhuzkhf mike;Js;s ,Uk;igj; jiyg;ghff; nfhz;l XH mj;jpahaNk my;FHMdpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,t;tj;jpahak; ,Uk;gpd; rptpy;> ,uhZt gad;ghLfisg; gw;wp gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ghh;f;f (57:25)

NkYk; ,iwj; J}jh;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhUk; gy;NtW njhopy; Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl;bUe;jdh; vd;gij tuyhW cWjp nra;fpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf> egp E}`; fg;gy; fl;Lk; njhopiy mwpe;J ,Ue;jhh;;; egpkhh;fshd ,g;wh`PKk;> ,];khaPYk; fl;ll eph;khzpfshf tpsq;fp f/ghitf; fl;bdhh;; egp jhT+j; ,Uk;ig cUf;fp ftrq;fs; nra;Ak; jpwidg; ngw;wpUe;jhh;. egp ]{iykhNdh [pd;fspd; cjtpAld; mjprapf;fj;jf;f gy gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;lik gw;wp my;FHMd; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

mwpT Muha;r;rpf;Fk;> mwptpay; mZFKiwf;Fk; egp Kfk;kJ (]y;) mth;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;j ghq;fpid md;dhhpd; rPwhtpy; (tho;f;if Kiwapy;) fhzKbfpd;wJ.

'jpl;lkply;" vd;gJ xU gpujhd mwptpay; mZFKiw MFk;. my;FHMd; egp A+]{g; (miy) mth;fspd; gjpide;jhz;L nghUshjhuj; jpl;lj;ijg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf vt;thW md;W vfpg;Jk; mijr; #otpUe;j gpuNjrq;fSk; NguoptpypUe;Jk;> ngUk; gQ;rj;jpypUe;Jk; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;ld vd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mth;fSk; jdJ gpurhu tho;f;ifapy; vt;thW EZf;fkhd jpl;lq;fisj;jPl;b nraw;gl;lhh;fs; vd;gijf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. Kjyhk; `p[;uj;> ,uz;lhk; `p[;uj;> Aj;jq;fs; Kjypad ,jw;F rpwe;j rhd;whjhuq;fshFk;.

'fzf;nfLg;G" vd;gJ kw;WNkhh; mwptpay; mZFKiwahFk;. egp (]y;) mth;fs; kjPdhTf;Fr; nrd;W rpy ehl;fspNyNa mq;Fs;s K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhifia fzf;nfLf;FkhW gzpj;jhh;fs;. mth;fspd; njhif mg;NghJ 1500 Mf ,Ue;jJ. (Gfhup).

,d;DNkhh; mwptpay; mZFKiwahd 'ghpNrhjid" Kiwia Vw;W mq;fPfhpj;jhh;fs;. <j;j ku kfue;j kzpr; Nrh;f;ifr; rk;gtk; ,jw;Fr; rhd;whFk;. (K];ypk;)

mbg;gil ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;iffs;> tpOkpaq;fs;> ngWkhdq;fs;> rl;l jpl;lq;fs; Kjyhdtw;Wld; njhlh;gw;w cyfhaj> njhopy;El;g tptfhuq;fspy; me;epahpd; cjtpia ehLjy;> MNyhridfisg; ngwy; Mfpad gpioahditay;y vd;gijAk; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jd; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; vLj;Jf;fhl;b As;shh;fs;. ghurPfhpd; topKiwahd Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ mfop ntl;Lk; cj;jpia ry;khd; (wop) mth;fs; %yk; mwpe;J> 'm`;]hg;" Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ nraw;gLj;jpaik> Fj;ghg; gpurq;fk; epfo;j;Jtjw;fhf XH cNuhk jr;rd; nra;J nfhLj;j kpk;giu gad;gLj;jpaik Kjypad ,jw;fhd rpy cjhuzq;fshFk;.

my;FHMdpdJk;> Rd;dhtpdJk; ,j;jifa NghjidfshYk; top fhl;ly;fshYk; ce;jg;gl;Nl Muk;g fhy K];ypk;fs; mwpthuha;r;rpj; Jiwf;Fk;> gy fz;L gpbg;GfSf;Fk; Kd;Ndhbfshf mike;jdh;. INuhg;gh ,Uspy; #o;e;jpUe;j kj;jpa fhyg; gphptpy; ,];yhkpa cyfpy; mwpTj;jPgk; Rlh;tpl;Lg; gpufhrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. K];ypk;fs; mwptpd; midj;Jj; JiwfSf;Fk; kfj;jhd gq;fspg;igr; nra;J fyhepiyaq;fs;> E}yfq;fs;> Ma;T $lq;fs;> mtjhd epiyaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw fl;bnaOg;gp cyFf;F mwpnthsp gug;gpdh;.

K];ypk; ];ngapDf;$lhfNt INuhg;gh mwpT Muha;r;rpiaAk;> fyhrhug; gz;ghl;ilAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ vd;gJ xU tuyhw;W cz;ikahFk;. ,J gw;wp fPiof;Nja tuyhw;W Mrphpah; Nguhrphpah; gpypg; Nf. `pl;b gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. (P.K. Hitti)

'K];ypk; ];nga;d; kj;jpa fhy INuhg;gpa tuyhw;wpy; kpf xspkpf;f mj;jpahaq;fspy; xd;iw cUthf;fpaJ. fp.gp. 8k; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpa gFjpf;Fk; 13Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyg; gphptpy; cyfk; KOtJk; mwG NgRk; kf;fNs fyhrhuj;jpdJk;> ehfhpfj;jpdJk; xspia Ve;Jfpd;wdh;. mth;fs; %ykhfNt Guhjd mwptpaYk; jj;JtKk; mopahJ ghJfhf;fg;gl;L> mth;fsJ gq;fspg;Gf;fSk; ,ize;J Nkw;F INuhg;ghitr; nrd;wile;jJ. ,JNt INuhg;gpa kWkyh;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ."

N[hh;[; ]hh;ld; (George Sarton) vd;w Nkw;fj;jpa mwpQH 'mwptpay; tuyhw;Wf;F XH mwpKfk;" vDk; E}ypy;> kj;jpa fhyg; gphptpy; mwG K];ypk;fspd; mwptpay; gq;fspg;igg; gw;wp kpfTk; tphpthfg; NgRfpd;whh;. ,f;fhyg; gphptpy; ngUk;ghyhd Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ngUk;ghyhd mwptpay; Ma;Tfs; mf;fhy mwptpay; nkhopahf tpsq;fpa mwG nkhopapNyNa mike;jd vd mth; $Wfpd;whh;. Nkw;fj;jpa cyfk; Mokhd mwpitg; ngw tpUk;gpa NghJk; Guhjd rpe;jidNahL mjd; cwitg; GJg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;s Kw;gl;lNghJk;> Kjypy; mJ fpNuf;f> %yjhuq;fis Nehf;fpad;wp mwG %yjhuq;fis Nehf;fpNa jpUk;gpaJ vdTk; mth; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

INuhg;ghtpy; mwptpay; Jiwapy; ghpNrhjid Kiwia mwpKfg; gLj;jpatuhff; fUjg;gLk; Nuh[h; Ngf;fd; (Roger Bacon) cz;ikapy; mjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fis K];ypk;fsplkpUe;Nj ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. ];ngapDf;F te;j mth;> mwG mwptpaiy Mokhff; fw;Wj; Njh;e;jjdhNyNa INuhg;ghTf;F mtuhy; mwpTg; gzp nra;a Kbe;jJ.

Xspapay; Jiwapd; Kd;Ndhbahd my;`]d; ,g;Dy; i`]k; cila fUj;Jf;fs; mz;ikf; fhyk; tiu INuhg;ghtpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpd. mj;J}]pAila fzpjk; njhlh;ghd Ma;Tfs; INuhg;ghtpy; ePz;lfhyk; NkNyhq;fp ,Ue;jd. ,g;D ]Pdhtpd; 'my;fhD}d;" vDk; kUj;Jt E}y; INuhg;gpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; 17Mk; E}w;whz;L tiu kUj;Jtj;Jiwf;fhd gpujhd %yjhu E}yhf tpsq;fpaJ.

vdNt Nkw;fz;l tpsf;fq;fspypUe;J ,];yhk; mwptpaYf;F vjpuhdJky;y; mwptpay; Muha;r;rpfNsh> etPd fz;L gpbg;GfNsh mjw;F mr;RWj;jYky;y vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. khwhf> ,];yhj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mjd; Nfhl;ghLk; eilKiwAk; tuyhWk; mwpT Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F mJ mspf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpw;F rhd;W gfh;fpd;wd.

,];yhj;jpy; khh;f;fk; vd;gJ mwpthFk;. Vnddpy; ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;ifahdJ rpe;jpg;gij> rPHJ}f;fpg; ghh;g;gij Ntz;b epw;gJld; FUl;Lg; gpd;gw;Wjiy kWj;J epw;fpwJ. kWgf;fj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpy; mwpntd;gJ khh;f;fkhFk;. Vnddpy; mJ mwpT NjLtij K];ypkhd Mz; ngz;Zf;F tpjpahf;fpapUf;fpwJ. khh;f;f mwpthapDk; cyf mwpthapDk; gaDs;s> Mf;f G+Htkhd mwpitj; NjLtijAk; mjpy; <LgLtijAk; ,ghjj;jhfTk;> [p`hjhfTk; fUJfpd;wJ.

,];yhj;jpy; kjj;Jf;Fk; mwpTf;Fkpilapyhd ,Wf;fkhd cwit Nkw;Fyf mwpQuhd N`hh;ld; vd;ghh; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. ',];yhj;jpy; kl;LNk kjKk; mwptpaYk; ,ize;jpUg;gijf; fhzKbAk;. mJNt ,t;tpuz;Lf;Fkpilapy; ,zf;fk; fhZk; xNu rkakhFk;."

jw;fhy tpQ;Qhd> njhopy; El;g Kd;Ndw;wj;ij ,];yhk; tuNtw;w NghjpYk; ,k;Kd;Ndw;wk; kjr;rhh;gw;wJk; rlhPjpapyhdJkhd Nghf;iff; nfhz;bUg;gij mJ fz;bf;fpwJ. ,d;iwa mwptpay; JiwahdJ ,iw ek;gpf;ifiaAk; Md;kPf tpOkpaq;fisAk; Gwf;fzpg;gjdhNyNa mJ Mf;fj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf mopit Vw;gLj;Jtij mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. vdNt> ,iw tpRthrj;Jld; mike;j mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijNa ,];yhk; typAWj;jp epw;fpd;wJ. gy jpwd;fisAk; mghu Mw;wy;fisAk; ngw;wpUe;j egp ]{iykhd; (miy) mtw;iw itj;J mj;JkPwypNyh> ml;lfhrj;jpNyh <Lgltpy;iy; ngUikNah ,Wkhg;Ngh nfhs;stpy;iy. khwhf ',J vdJ ,iwtd; vdf;fspj;j mUshFk;" vd;W gzpTld; gfh;e;jhh;fs;.

Jy;fh;izd; (miy) mth;fs; jdJ mghu mwptpay; Mw;wiyg; gpuNahfpj;J xU ngUkjpiyf; fl;ba NghJ kf;fs; mjw;fhf mtUf;F rd;khdk; toq;f Kw;gl;l NghJk; kpfTk; mlf;fkhf ',J vdJ ,iwtd; vdf;F mspj;j mUshFk;. vdJ ,iwtdpd; Fwpj;j thf;fspf;fg;gl;l ehs; te;J tpLk; NghJ ,e;j kjpy; jtpL nghbahfptpLk;" vd;whh;fs;.

,j;jifa <khdpa cs;sk; gilj;jth;fsplk; mwpTk;> Muha;r;rpAk; ,Uf;fpd;w NghNj cyfk;> mwptpayhy; cd;djkhd gaidg; ngw KbAk;; mwptpay; Mf;fj;jpw;Fk;> kdpj tho;tpd; RgPl;rj;jpw;Fk; toptFf;f KbAk;. mjw;fhf rpe;jpg;Nghk;; nray;gLNthk;.

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