xU gy;ypd rKjhaj;jpy; thOk; K];ypk; rpWghd;ik gw;wpaJk; gpw r%fq;fSldhd mjd; cwTfs; gw;wpaJkhd \hPMtpd; fz;Nzhl;lk;

,t;tha;T gpd;tUk; ehd;F cgjiyg;Gfisf; nfhz;ljhf mikfpd;wJ:

1. rpWghd;ik> K];ypk; rpWghd;ik gw;wpa vz;zf;fUf;fs;.
2. ,d;iwa cyfshtpa K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdh; gw;wpa tpguk;
3. rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fs; gw;wpa \hPM Nehf;F
4. gpw r%fq;fSldhd cwT gw;wpa \hPM fz;Nzhl;lk;.

• 1.rpWghd;ik> K];ypk; rpWghd;ik gw;wpa vz;zf;fUf;fs;.

vkJ Ma;Tf;Fupa nghUis kpfr; rupahfg; Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;F 'rpWghd;ik" vDk; vz;zf;fUit tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JtJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ.

1. 'rpWghd;ik" vd;gjw;F r%ftpayhsh;fs; je;Js;s tiutpyf;fzq;fSs; gpd;tUtd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;.

''XH CupNyh my;yJ ehl;bNyh my;yJ gpuNjrj;jpNyh thOfpd;w ,d my;yJ nkhop my;yJ rkauPjpahf mq;F thOk; ngUk;ghd;ikapypUe;J NtWgLfpd;w xU rdf;FOkj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.""
(mg;Jy; t`;`hg; my;fahyp> E}y; : kt;#mJ]; ]pah]h> 1/244)

''xU ehl;by; thOk;> ,dj;jhy; my;yJ nkhopahy; my;yJ rkaj;jhy; me;ehl;bd; ngUk;ghd;ik Fbkf;fs; rhuhj xd;iw rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; gy E}W Fbkf;fis Fwpf;Fk;."" (m`;kj; mj;jpaj;Jy;yh`;> E}y; : my; fh%]{]; ]pah]p> gf;fk; : 96)

''xU Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;ij Nrh;e;j Fbkf;fs;; Vida Fbkf;fis tpl njhifapy; Fiwe;j ,th;fs; jkf;nfd jdpahd fyhrhuj;ijAk; nkhopiaAk; rkaj;ijAk; nfhz;bUg;gh;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l xOq;fikg;gpy; jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; fyhrhuj;ijAk; Ngzpf;fhg;gjpy; fuprid fhl;Lth;.""
(m`;kj; Ritypk;> E}y; : K/[Ky; cY}K];]pah]pa;ah my;Ka];]h;> gf;fk;: 28)

''A small group of people separated from the rest of the community by a different in race, religion, language etc.."

',dk;> rkak;> nkhop Kjyhdtw;wpy; r%fj;jpd; VidNahup ypUe;J NtWgl;l xU rpW kdpj FOkk;""
(The Oxford English Dictionary)

"A part of population differing in some characteristics and often subjected to deferential treatment.''

''Fbkf;fspy;> rpy gz;Gfspy; gpwupypUe;J NtWgLfpd;w mt;tg;NghJ ghFghlhd ftdpg;Gf;Fl;gLfpd;w xU gpuptpdiuf; Fwpf;Fk;"" (Webster’s 7th new collegiate dictionary)

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tiutpyf;fzq;fspy; ,Ue;J xU rdf;$l;lj;ij rpWghd;ik r%fk; vd milahsg;gLj;Jtjhapd; mJ gpd;tUk; gz;Gfisg; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

1. ,dk;> kjk;> nkhop Kjyhdtw;wpy; r%fj;jpd; Vida Fbkf;fspy; ,Ue;J NtWgl;l xU rdf;f$l;lkhf ,Uj;jy;.
2. jhk; thOk; r%fj;jpy; ghFghlhfTk; rkj;Jtkw;w KiwapYk; elhj;jg;gLk; xU gpuptpduhf ,Uj;jy;.

,d;W cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; ,duPjpahfTk;> nkhopuPjpahfTk;> rkauPjpahfTk;> rpWghd;ik r%fq;fs; tho;e;J tUfpd;wd. nkhopuPjpahd rpWghd;ik r%fj;jpw;F cjhuzkhf fdlhtpy; thOk; gpnuQ;R nkhop NgRk; rKjhaj;ij Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,uhf;> <uhd;> JUf;fp Mfpa ehLfspy; thOk; FHjp\; ,dj;jth;fisAk;> my;[PupahtpYk;> nkhNuhf;NfhtpYk; thOk; gh;gh; ,dj;jth;fisAk; ,duPjpahd rpWghd;ikapdUf;F cjhuzq;fshf Fwpg;gpl;l KbAk;. cyfpy; rkauPjpahd rpWghd;ikapduhf ,Ug;NghNu Fwpg;gplj;jf;f th;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wdh;. ,th;fs; njhlh;gpNyNa gy;NtW gpur;rpidfSk; rh;r;irfSk; Njhd;WtJ cz;L. rka uPjpahd rpWghd;ikapdUf;F cjhuzkhf ,uhf;> vfpg;J> rpupah> ghfp];jhd; Kjyhd ehLfspy; thOk; fpwp];jth;fisAk;> nkhNuhf;Nfh> <uhd;> JUf;fp Nghd;w ehLfspy; thOk; A+jh;fisAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

• 2.cyf K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdh;

cyf K];ypk;fis mth;fs; thOk; ehLfis nghWj;J ,U ngUk; gpupTfshf gpupj;J Nehf;Fth;:

1. jhUy; ,];yhj;jpy; tho;Nthh;

,d;W jhUy; ,];yhk; vd;gJ nghJthf K];ypk; ehLfisf; Fwpf;Fk;. mjhtJ K];ypk;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf thOk; ehLfisr; Rl;Lk;.

2. jhUy; ,];yhj;jpw;F ntspNa tho;Nthh;

,];yhkpa tof;fpy; jhUy; ,];yhk; my;yhj G+kp jhUy; Fg;h; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa ehLfspy; tho;NthiuNa rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fs; vd toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.

,d;iwa cyf K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fisAk; ,U gpupTfshfg; gpupj;J Nehf;f KbAk;.

1. ghuk;gupa K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fs;

,th;fs; jhk; thOk; ehl;bd; Fbkf;fshf ,Ug;gh;;.
gy E}w;whz;L fhykhf ,];yhj;jpy tho;NthuhfTk; ,Ug;gh;. cjhuzkhf> ,e;jpah> ,yq;if K];ypk; r%fq;fs;> nghy;fd; ehLfshd Nrh;gpah> gy;nfupah> nk]Nlhdpah Kjyhd ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk; r%fq;fs;.

2. Gyk;ngah;e;j K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fs;

cjhuzkhf: 1950 fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; murpay;> fy;tp> nghUshjhuk; Kjyhd fhuzq;fSf;fhf muGyfpypUe;Jk; kw;Wk; cyfpd; ehyh gf;fq;fspypUe;Jk; Nkw;F INuhg;gpa ehLfSf;F ,lk; ngah;e;J mq;F cUthd K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
ck;: ,q;fpyhe;J> N[h;kd;> gpuhd;]; Nghd;w ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdh;.

3. rkfhy cyfshtpa K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdh; gw;wpa tpguk;:

,d;W cyfpy; K];ypk;fs; thohj ve;jnthU ehLk; ,y;iynadyhk;. cyfpd; ve;j xU ehl;bYk; xU rpW r%fkhfNtDk; K];ypk;fs; tho;tijf; fhzKbAk;. ,d;iwa cyf rdj;njhif 6036.97 kpy;ypad; MFk;. ,jpy; K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhif1430.08 kpy;ypad; vd kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. kw;nwhU fzpg;gPl;bd; gb cyf K];ypk; rdj;njhif 1484.71 kpy;ypad; MFk;. (ghh;f;f: Romania fact book 2003  website.) If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; XH mwpf;ifapd; gb nkhj;j cyf rdj;njhifapy; 25.12% K];ypk;fs; Mth;.

cyf K];ypk; rdj;njhifapy; rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;Nthupd; vz;zpf;if Rkhh;> 450 kpy;ypad; vd kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. kw;nwhU kjpg;gPl;bd; gb cyf K];ypk;fspy; 1/3 gq;fpduhf rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wdh;. K];ypk; rdj;njhifapy; rpWghd;ikapdh; 45% vd ,d;Dk; xU fzpg;gPL Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,d;iwa cyfpy; xt;nthU ehy;tupYk; xUth; K];ypkhf ,Uf;f> xt;nthU 12 K];ypk;fspYk; xUth; rpWghd;ikahf thOk; K];ypkhf ,Uf;fpwhh; vdTk; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

cyfshtpa K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; rdj;njhifg; gw;wpAk;> cyf K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fspd; rdj;njhif tpguq;fs; gw;wpAk; rupahdJk; Js;spakhdJkhd Gs;sp tpguq;fs; fpilg;gjw;fpy;iy. rpy ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhif Fiwkjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thNw K];ypk; rhh;G tl;lhuq;fs; rpy ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk;fspd; njhifia kpif kjpg;gPL nra;Js;sikiaAk; mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyf;fhd fhuzq;fis gpd;tUkhW milahsg;gLj;jyhk;.

• gy ehLfs; rka mbg;gilapy; rdj;njhiff; fzf;nfLg;ig Nkw;nfhs;shik.
• gpur;rpidfisj; jtph;g;gjw;fhf rkauPjpahd tpguq;fis ntspaplhik
• rpy ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk;fspy; rpyh; cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf jq;fis K];ypk;fs; vd ,dq;fhl;bf; nfhs;shik.
• rpy ehLfspy; K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhifiaj; jpl;lkpl;L Fiwkjpg;gPL nra;jy;.
• rdj;njhif kjpg;gPl;lhsh;fspd; Ma;Tfspy; Kuz;ghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wik.
• OIC Kjyhd K];ypk; epWtdq;fspd; K];ypk;fs; gw;wpa rdj;njhif kjpg;gPLfs; tpQ;Qhd G+Htkhf mikahik.
• K];ypk;fs; Ntfkhf tsh;r;rpailAk; xU
  r%fkhf ,Uj;jy;.

vJ vg;gbahapDk; cyf K];ypk; rdj;njhifapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f> fzprkhd njhifapdh; rpWghd;ikapduhf cs;sdh; vd;gJ njspthdjhFk;. gy K];ypk; ngUk;ghd;ik ehLfspd; rdj;njhifia tpl rpy ehLfspy; thOk; rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhif gy klq;F $bajhFk;. cjhuzkhf: ,e;jpa K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fk; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa rpWghd;ik r%fkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mjd; rdj;njhif Rkhh; 12 NfhbahFk;. rPdhtpy; Rkhh; 11 Nfhb K];ypk;fs; rpWghd;ik vd;w epiyapy; tho;fpd;wdh;. ,Nj Ntisapy; cyfpd; kpfr;rpwpa K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fkhf n`a;l;b ehl;by; thOk; K];ypk;fs; fUjg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,q;F rpy E}W K];ypk;fs; tho;tjhf fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Rkhh; 60 ehLfspy; K];ypk;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf thOk; NghJ 150 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehLfspy; mth;fs; rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;e;J tUfpd;wdh;. cyf rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fspy; 90% MrpahtpYk;> Mgpupf;fhtpYk; ikak; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. Mrpahtpy; nkhj;jk; 251 kpy;ypad; K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdUk;> Mgpupf;fhtpy; 24 kpy;ypad; K];ypk; rpWghd;ikapdUk; ,Ug;gjhf ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ.

mnkupf;fhtpYk; INuhg;gpa ehLfspYk; gutyhf K];ypk; rpWghd;ik r%fq;fs; tho;e;J tUfpd;wd. mnkupf;fhtpy; Rkhh; 7 kpy;ypad; K];ypk;fs; tho;fpd;wdh;. gpuhd;];> If;fpa uhr;rpak; > N[h;kdp Mfpa ehLfspy; KiwNa 2.2 kpy;ypad;> 3 kpy;ypad;> 2.5 kpy;ypad; K];ypk;fs; tho;fpd;wdh;. nkhj;jkhf> INuhg;ghtpy; K];ypk;fspd; rdj;njhif 15 kpy;ypad; vd kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

• rpWghd;ik K];ypk;fs; gw;wpa \hPM Nehf;F

,];yhkpa \hPM Nehf;fpy; ehLfis ,U ngUk; gpupTfshf tFj;J Nehf;Fth;. mitahtd:

1. jhUy; ,];yhk;
2. jhUy; Fg;h;

1. jhUy; ,];yhk;:

jhUy; ,];yhj;ij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jtjpy; ,];yhkpa rl;l Nkijfs; kj;jpapy; NtWgl;l fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd. mf;fUj;Jf;fs; midj;ijAk; njhFj;J Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ jhUy; ,];yhk; vd;gJ gpd;tUk; ,U epge;jidfisf; nfhz;l G+kpiaf; Fwpf;Fk; vDk; Kbitg; ngwKbfpd;wJ.

• K];ypk;fspd; mjpfhuKk; Ml;rpAk; cs;s G+kp
• \hPmj; rl;lk; mKyhf;fg;gLk; G+kp

nghJthf Nkw;fz;l ,U epge;jidfisAk; itj;J Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ jhUy; ,];yhk; vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs; XupU ehLfisNaDk; mlf;f KbAkh vDk; Nfs;tp gpwg;gJ jtph;f;f KbahjjhFk;. MapDk; ,khk; mG+ `dPghtpd; (u`;) fUj;Jg;gb K];ypk;fs; mr;rkpd;wp ghJfhg;ghf> ngUk;ghd;ikahf thOk; ve;j xU ehl;ilAk; jhUy; ,];yhkhf fUj KbAk;. ,e;j tifapy; ,d;iwa ngUk;ghyhd K];ypk; ehLfis jhUy; ,];yhkhf nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

2. jhUy; Fg;h;:

jhUy; Fg;iu tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JtjpYk; rl;l mwpQHfs; kj;jpapy; Kuz;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd. nghJthf Nehf;Fkplj;J gpd;tUk; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l G+kpia jhUy; Fg;h; vd milahsg;gLj;jyhk;.

• K];ypk;fspd; Ml;rpajpfhuk; ,y;yhj G+kp
• \hPmj; rl;lq;fs; mKypy;yhj G+kp

jw;fhy cyfpy; K];ypk;fs; rpWghd;ikahf thOk; ehLfs; midj;Jk; jhUy; Fg;h; vDk; tl;lj;jpw;Fs; mlq;FgitahfNt mike;Js;sd. ,j;jifa jhUy; Fg;upy; my;yJ K];ypky;yhj ehl;by; my;yJ rpWghd;ikapduhf K];ypk;fs; tho;tJ njhlh;ghf \hPMtpd; Nehf;F vd;d vd;gJ njhlh;e;J Muhag;gLfpd;wJ. nghJthf jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tJ njhlh;ghf Muk;gfhy rl;l mwpQHfs; kj;jpapy; vjpUk; GjpUkhd epiyg;ghLfs; epytpte;Js;sd. khypfp kj;`ig rhh;e;NjhUk; ,khk; ,g;D `];k; Kjyhd mwpQh;fs; jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tij `uhk; vd;Wk;> jhUy; ,];yhj;ij Nehf;fp `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;tJ th[pg; vd;Wk; fUJfpd;wdh;. (ghh;f;f: my;gahd; tj;j`;]Py;> mGy;tyPj; ,g;D U\;j;) MapDk; `dgpa;ahf;fs;> \hgp,a;ahf;fs;> `d;gyp kj;`ig rhh;e;Njhh; cl;gl ngUk;ghyhd rl;lNkijfs; ,jw;F khw;wkhd epiyg;ghl;il nfhz;Ls;sdh;. (ghh;f;f: m`;fhKy; FHMd;> my;[];]h];)

xU K];ypk; jdJ khh;f;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;j Kbahj msTf;F gyaPddhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapNyNa mth; jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tJ `uhkhdjhf nfhs;sg;gLk;. khwhf jdJ khh;f;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;jf;$ba epiyapYk; jdf;fhd ghJfhg;igg; ngw;w epiyapYk; ,Uf;fpd;w xUth; jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tjw;F vj;jifa \hPmj; uPjpahd jilAk; ,y;iynad;gNj Nkw;fz;l rl;l Nkijfspd; epiyg;ghlhFk;. ,th;fs; jkJ thjj;jpw;F rhh;g;ghf gpd;tUk; rhd;whjhuq;fis Kd;itf;fpd;wdh;.

1. ''ahh; (jq;fs; khh;f;ff; flikfisr; ruptu epiwNtw;w KbahjthW jhUy; Fg;upy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L) jkf;Fj; jhNk jPq;fpioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdNuh mth;fspd; capiu kyf;Ffs; ifg;gw;Wk; NghJ (mth;fis Nehf;fp khh;f;ff; flikfis epiwNtw;w Kbahj ehl;by;) 'ePq;fs; vt;thW ,Ue;jPHfs;;" vd;W Nfl;ghh;fs;. mjw;F mth;fs; 'me;j G+kpapy; ehq;fs; gyaPdkhdth;fshfNt ,Ue;Njhk;" vd;W gjpy; $Wthh;fs;. (mjw;F kyf;Ffs;) 'my;yh`;Tila G+kp tprhyKilajy;yth? ePq;fs; mt;tplj;ij tpl;L ntspg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;lhkh?" vd;W Nfl;ghh;fs;. ,j;jifNahh; jq;Fkplk; eufk; jhd;. nry;Ykplq;fspy; mJ kpfTk; nfl;lJ. vdpDk; Mz;> ngz;> Foe;ijfs; Mfpath;fspy; gyaPdkhdth;fs; vj;jifa topAk; Njbf;nfhs;s Kbahky; (mijtpl;L ntspg;glTk;) topfhzhky; ,Ue;jhy; mj;jifNahiu my;yh`; kd;dpj;Jtplf; $Lk;. Vnddpy; my;yh`; kpf kd;dpg;NghDk; gpionghWg;NghDkhAk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.""(5 : 97-99)

,t;trdk;> jdJ rd;khh;f;fj;ij epiyehl;l Kbahj ,lj;jpypUe;J xUth; `p[;uj; nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;F Mjhukhf tpsq;Ffpd;wnjd ,khk; igohtp tpsf;Ffpd;whh;.

'khh;f;fj;ij epiyehl;l Kbahky; ,Ue;J> `p[;uj; nra;af; $ba tha;g;G ,Ue;Jk; mt;thW `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;shky; K\;upf;Ffs; kj;jpapy; njhlh;e;Jk; tho;e;J tUgtiug; gw;wpNa ,t;trdk; NgRfpd;wJ. ,j;jifNahh; jkf;Fj;jhNk> jPq;fpioj;Jf; nfhz;L ngUk; ghtj;ij nra;jth;fs; vd;gij ,t;trdk; Kbthfr; nrhy;Yfpd;wJ" vd ,khk; ,g;D f]PH $Wfpd;whh;.

jdJ rd;khh;f;fj;ij ntspf;fhl;LksTf;Fk; mjd; flikfis epiwNtw;wf; $ba tifapYk; gyk; ngw;wpUg;Nghh; jhUy; Fg;upy; thoyhk; vd;gjw;F ,e;j my;FHMd; trdk; Mjhukhff; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;.

2. egpath;fs; kf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J kjPdhTf;F `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba trjpapUe;Jk; mt;thW nry;yhky; kf;fhtpy; jq;fpa rpy r`hghf;fis Ml;Nrgpf;fhky; mq;fPfupj;jhh;fs;. ,t;Ntisapy; kf;fh jhUy; Fg;uhfNt tpsq;fpaJ. ,J gw;wp ,khk; \hgp< (u`;) gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpd;whh;: ''`p[;uj;> mjid Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba rf;jpAs;stUf;Nf flikahFk;;. mjpYk; mth; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l G+kpapy; jdJ jPid epiyehl;l Kbahj epiyapy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gijNa egpath;fspd; ]{d;dh czh;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; md;dhh; ,];yhj;ij jOtpa gpd;dUk; rpyiu kf;fhtpy; njhlh;e;Jk; tho;tjw;F mDkjpj;jhh;fs;. ,e;j tifapNyNa gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;Fk; mr;RWj;jy; fhzg;glhj mg;gh]; (uop) KjyhNdhh; kf;fhtpy; njhlh;e;Jk; ,Ug;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldh;.""

3. Ema;k; ,g;D mg;jpy;yh`; me;e`;`hk; vd;w egpj;Njhoh; `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;s ,Ue;j Ntisapy; mtUila Nfhj;jpuj;jth;fshd gD} mjP Nfhj;jpuj;jth;fs; mtuplk; te;J 'ePH ckJ khh;f;fj;ij gpd;gw;wpf; nfhz;L vk;Kld; thoyhk;. ckf;F vj;jPq;Fk; tuhjtz;zk; ehk; ghJfhg;Nghk;. ePH vkJ Nfhj;jpuj;jth;fspy; mehijfisAk;> tpjitfisAk; guhkupj;J te;jikf;F gpujpAgfhukhf ,ij ehk; nra;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $wpdh;. ,jdhy; mtUk; rw;W fhyk; jd; CupNyNa jq;fpdhh;. rpwpJ fhyj;jpd; gpd;dh; `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhz;L kjPdhitg; Ngha; mile;jhh;. mtiu tuNtw;w egpath;fs;> 'vdJ r%fj;ij tpl ckJ r%fk; Nkyhdth;fshth;. vdJ r%fj;jth;fNsh vd;id CupypUe;J ntspNaw;wpdh;. vd;idf; nfhiy nra;aTk; Kad;wdh;. ckJ r%fNkh ckf;F mgak; mspj;J ghJfhg;G je;jdh;" vdf; $wpdhh;fs;. mjw;F mth;> 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu mg;gbay;y> cq;fsJ r%fk; ePq;fs; my;yh`;Tf;F topg;glTk;> mtdJ vjpupAld; NghuhlTNk cq;fis Cupy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;wpaJ" vdf; $wpdhh;."" Mjhuk;: jgfhj; ,g;D ]/j; (,e;j `jPi] gyaPdkhdJ vd $WNthUk; csh;)

4. mgP]Pdpa kd;duhf ,Ue;j e[;[h\p> u]{Yy;yh`;tpd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij jOtpa NghJk; njhlh;e;Jk; jhUy; Fg;uhf ,Ue;j jdJ ehl;bNyNa tho;e;J mq;NfNa kuzkhdhh;. egpath;fs; mtupd; kuzr;nra;jpia Nfs;tpg;gl;l NghJ mtUf;fhf [dh]h njhOifia epiwNtw;wp tpl;L> ',d;W xU ey;y (]hyp`hd) kdpjh; kuzkile;J tpl;lhh;" vdf; $wpdhh;fs;. (Mjhuk;: ]`P`{y; Gfhup)

5. Gijf; vd;w egpj;Njhoh; egpatuplk; te;J> 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu `p[;uj; nra;ahjth; ehrkile;J tpl;lhh; vd kf;fs; epidf;fpd;whh;fNs?" vd;whh;. mjw;F my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;> 'Gijf;Nf! njhOifia epiyehl;LtPuhf. ]f;fhj;ij nfhLj;J tUtPuhf. ghtj;ij jtph;e;J tho;tPuhf. ckJ r%fj;jpd; Cupy; ePH tpUk;gpa ,lj;jpy; FbapUg;gPuhf. mg;NghJ ePH `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhz;ltuhtPH" vd;whh;fs;. (Mjhuk;: ]`P`; ,g;D `pg;ghd;)

6. Giujh my;m];ykp (uop) mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW mwptpf;fpd;whh;fs;: u]{Yy;yh`p (]y;) mth;fs; xU gilf;F xUtiu jsgjpahf epakpj;J mDg;Gk; Ntisapy; my;yh`;it gae;J nfhs;SkhWk; mtUld; ,Uf;Fk; K];ypk;fis eyy Kiwapy; elhj;JkhWk; cgNjrk; nra;Jtpl;L gpd;tUkhW nrhy;thh;fs;: ''my;yh`;tpd; ngauhy; my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; Nghuhlr; nry;Yq;fs;. my;yh`;it epuhfupj;jtNuhL Aj;jk; GupAq;fs;. ePq;fs; K\;upf;fhd cq;fspd; vjpupfis re;jpj;jhy; %d;wpy; xd;wpd; ghy; mth;fis mioAq;fs;. mjpy; xd;iw mth;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; mth;fis mq;fPfupj;J mth;fis tpl;LtpLq;fs;. Kjypy; mth;fis mth;fspd; G+kpapy; ,Ue;J K`h[puPd;fspd; G+kpf;F tUkhW mioAq;fs;. mth;fs; mt;thW ele;J nfhz;lhy; K`h[phPd;fSf;Fupa midj;J cupikfSk; mth;fSf;Fk; cz;L vdf; $Wq;fs;. mth;fs; mjid Vw;f kWj;J jhk; jkJ CupNyNa thog;Nghtjhf $wpdhy;> mth;fs; ehl;Lg;Gw m/uhg; K];ypk;fs; Nghy; fUjg;gLth; vd;Wk; K/kpd;fSf;fhd ,iwr;rl;lNk mth;fs; kPJk; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;Wk; $Wq;fs;. MapDk; 'igc"> 'fdPkj;" Mfpatw;wpy; mth;fSf;F vj;jifa gq;Fk; fpilf;fhJ vd;Wk; $Wq;fs;."" (Mjhuk; : ]`P`; K];ypk;> ]{dDj;jph;kpjp> ]{dD mgPjhT+j;)

7.''CHfs; midj;Jk; my;yh`;tpd; CHfshFk;. mbahh;fs; midtUk; my;yh`;tpd; mbahh;fshth;. vdNt ePH vq;F ed;ikiaf; fz;BNuh mq;F jq;fptpLk;."" ,J xU gyaPdkhd `jP]; vd;gh;. (Mjhuk;: K];dj; m`;kj;)

8.KjyhtJ `p[;uj; mgP]Pdpahtpw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. egpath;fspd; fl;lisapd; gb Muk;g K];ypk;fs; mq;Fg; Ngha; jq;fpdh;. Mdhy; mf;fhyj;jpy; mgP]Pdpah jhUy; ,];yhkhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

9.,d;W jhUy; Fg;h; gw;wpa vz;zf;fU Kd;ida fhyj;J epiyapy; ,Ue;J khWgl;Ls;sJ. ,d;W K];ypk; my;yhj xU ehl;Lf;F Gyk;ngaUgth; mtuJ kjk; gw;wp Nehf;fg;glhky; cs;ehl;L Fbkfd; ngWk; rl;l uPjpahd KOg;ghJfhg;igAk; ngwf;$batuha; cs;shh;.

10. ,d;W cyf ehLfs; gytw;wpy; ,];yhk; guTtjw;F me;ehLfSf;F Gyk;ngah;e;jth;fspd; Kaw;rpNa gpujhd fhuzkhFk;. jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tJ $lhJ vd jilnra;ag;gLfpd;wNghJ mbg;gilf; flikfspy; xd;whd ,];yhkpa j/thg; gzp ghjpg;Gf;Fl;gLk;.

11. K];ypk;fs; xU ehl;by; rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;tJ gw;wpa my;-m];`h; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; rl;lj;jPHg;G gpd;tUkhW:

''xU rka rhh;gw;w ehlhapDk; my;yJ ,];yhky;yhj kw;nwhU kjj;ij rkakhff; nfhz;l ehlhapDk; mq;F xU K];ypKf;F jdJ khh;f;fj;jpw;fhd ghJfhg;Gk; khh;f;f flikfis Rje;jpukhf epiwNtw;Wk; re;jh;g;gKk; fhzg;gbd;> mq;F mth; thoyhk;. Mdhy; mtuJ khh;f;fj;jpw;Nfh> xOf;fj;jpw;Nfh my;yJ nghUs;> khdk; Mfpadtw;wpw;Nfh cupa ghJfhg;G ,y;iynadf; fhZk; epiyapy; ghJfhg;ghd xU ehl;Lf;F Gyk;ngah;tJ flikahFk;."" (Mjhuk;: my; m];`h; rQ;rpif> Mwhk; ghfk;> brk;gh;> [dtup> 1991)

12. ,khk; my;khth;jp gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;:

''xUtUf;F jhUy; Fg;upy; jdf;nfd xU FLk;gKk;> FyKk; cUthfp mq;F jdJ khh;f;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp thof;$ba epiyAk; ,Ue;jhy; mq;fpUe;J mth; `p[;uj; nra;tJ $lhJ. Vnddpy;> mth; ,g;NghJ thOk; ,lNk mtiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtUf;Fupa jhUy; ,];yhkhFk;."" (ghh;f;f: G];jhDy; MhpgPd;> ,khk; ettp (u`;))

jhUy; Fg;upy; thoyhfhJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fs;:

jhUy; Fg;upy; thoyhfhJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLk; rpy Muk;g fhy rl;lmwpQh;fSila (Gf`hf;fSila) thjk; mf;fhy epiyia fUj;jpw; nfhz;L Kd;itf;fg;gl;ljhfNt nfhs;s KbAk;. mth;fs; jk; thjj;jpw;F Kd;itf;fpd;w fUj;Jf;fs; ,d;iwa cyf xOq;Ff;F nghUj;jkw;witahFk;. mth;fs; jk; thjj;ij epWt Kd;itj;Js;s FHMd;> ]{d;dh thf;fpaq;fSk; mth;fsJ thjj;ij epWTtjw;fhd njspthd rhd;whjhuq;fshf mikatpy;iy. cjhuzkhf gpd;tUk; my;FHMd; trdk; xUth; jhUy; Fg;upy; tho;tij jilnra;tjhf mth;fs; fUjpdh;.

''my;yh`;Tila ghijapy; vth; (jhd; ,Ue;j ,lj;ij tpl;L) ntspNawp nry;fpd;whNuh mth; G+kpapy; trjpahd gy ,lq;fisAk; nrsfupaq;fisAk; milthh;."" (4:100)

,t;trdk; jhUy; Fg;upy; xU K];ypk; tho;tij jil nra;tjhf mikfpd;wJ vd mth;fs; thjpl;l NghjpYk; ,J ntWkNd `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xU J}z;Ljyhf kl;LNk mikfpd;wJ vd ,khk; ,g;D f]PH tpsf;fk; mspf;fpd;whh;.

''ehd; K\;hpf;Ffs; kj;jpapy; thOfpd;w ve;j xU K];ypkpypUe;Jk; nghWg;gpypUe;Jk; ePq;fpatdhNtd;"" ( Mjhuk;: jph;kpjp)

''vth; K\;hpf;Fld; Nrh;e;J $b tho;fpd;whNuh mth; mtiug; Nghd;wtuhthh;."" (Mjhuk;: mG+jhT+j;)

,t;tpU `jP];fSk; fhgph;fSld; Nrh;e;J tho;tijj; jilnra;tNjhL> mth;fis tpl;Lk; gpupe;J `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhs;tij tpjpahf;Ftjhf Fwpj;j mwpQHfs; thjpLfpd;wdh;. MapDk;> ,t;tpU `jP];fSk; jhUy; Fg;upy; jdJ rd;khh;f;f flikfis epiwNtw;w KbahjthW mlf;fp xLf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; K];ypikAk;> K\;hpf;FfNshL tho;e;J ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf nraw;gl mth;fSf;F JizNghfpd;w K];ypikANk Fwpf;Fk; vd mwpQHfs; tpsf;fk; mspf;fpd;wdh;. egpath;fs; jdf;Fk; jdJ Njhoh;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;G ,y;iy vdf; fz;l NghNj kf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J `p[;uj; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs;. ,e;epiyapy; jd;NdhL kjPdhtpw;F tuhky; njhlh;e;Jk; kf;fhtpy; jq;fpapUe;j Njhoh;fis Fwpj;Nj jhk; mth;fSf;F Vw;gLk; ,d;dy;fSf;F nghWg;ghdth; my;y vd;w fUj;jpNyNa Nkw;$wpa Kjyhk; `jPi] Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs; vd;Wk; tpsf;fk; mspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

vdNt ,Jtiu fye;Jiuahba tplaq;fspy; ,Ue;J cyfpd; vg; ghfj;jpYk; K];ypk;fs; - jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ij ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; khh;f;ff; flikfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fkhd #oy; fhzg;gLk; epiyapy; rpWnjhifapduhfNth> ngUe; njhifapduhfNth tho;tjw;fhd mDkjpia \hPmj; toq;Ffpd;wJ vd;w njspT ngwg;gLfpd;wJ.

gpw r%fq;fSlhd cwT gw;wpa \hPM fz;Nzhl;lk;:

xU rpWhgd;ik K];ypk; r%fk; vg;NghJk; xU gy;ypd> gy;rka r%fj;jpNyNa tho;e;J tUk; vd;w tifapy; jk;NkhL thOk; gpw r%fj;jtNuhLk;> rkaj;jtNuhLk; Ngz Ntz;ba cwTfs; gw;wpa \hPM fz;Nzhl;lk; ahJ vd;gij mwptJk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; xU tplakhFk;. me;j tifapy; ,t;tha;tpy; ,Wjpahf ,t;tk;rk; Muhag;gLfpd;wJ.

K];ypky;yhjhh; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; epiyg;ghL kpfTk; njspthdJ. K];ypk;fSld; thOk; K];ypky;yhjhupd; cupikfs;> rYiffs; gw;wp ,];yhkpa rll %yhjhuq;fs; tpupthfg; NgRfpd;wd. ,it ntWk; rpj;jhe;jq;fshf thh;j;ijastpy; epd;W tplhky;> K];ypk;fspd; Ml;rp cyfpy; epytpa fhynky;yhk; kpfr; rpwg;ghfr; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;ld vd;gjw;F tuyhW rhd;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

nghJthf fp.gp. 1789 Mk; Mz;L ,lk; ngw;w gpuhd;rpa Gul;rpapd; mbahf tFf;fg;gl;l nfhs;ifia njhlh;e;Nj kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa rpe;jid Kjy; jlitahf cUg;ngw;wJ vd;Wk;> mjd; mbahfNt 1948 Mk; Mz;L If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; cyf kdpj cupikfs; rhrdk; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vdTk; $Wth;. MapDk; kdpj cupikfs; gw;wpa nfhs;if tFg;gjpYk; nray;gLj;JtjpYk; ,];yhk; Kd;Ndhbahf mike;jJ vd;gij tuyhw;iw fha;j;jy; ctj;jy; ,d;wp Nehf;Ffpd;w vtUk; kWf;f KbahJ. (ghh;f;f: Rights of non Muslims, Hussain Hamid Hassan, P.2)

,];yhj;jpy; kjr;rfpg;Gj; jd;ik Nghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. K];ypky;yhjtjhUf;fhd Fiwe;j gl;r kdpj cupikfshapDk; ,];yhj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. rka uPjpapy; Kuz;gLgth;fSld; kpff; fLikahd xU Nghf;ifNa K];ypk;fs; tuyhW neLfpYk; filgpbj;J te;Js;sdh; vd;nwy;yhk; mwpe;Njh mwpahkNyh ,];yhj;jpd; kPJk;> K];ypk;fs; kPJk; gy; Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Rkj;jg;gl;L te;Js;sd. cz;ikapy; K];ypk; my;yhjhUf;F toq;fg;gl Ntz;ba cupikfs; gw;wp ,];yhkpa %yhjhuq;fs; Fwpg;gpLk; tplaq;fisAk; tuyhw;wpy; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; fPo; tho;e;j mth;fs; elhj;jg;gl;l ghq;fpidAk; mwpe;J nfhs;gth;fs;> Fwpj;j Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; vt;tsT J}uk; mgj;jkhdit vd Gupe;Jnfhs;th;.

K`k;kj; egpath;fs; KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mUshf te;jth;fs; vd;w tifapy; ,d>kj>nkhop> gpuNjr NtWghLfisNah ghFghLfisNah ghuhl;lhJ vy;NyhUf;Fk; rkePjpia toq;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy; tpopg;Gld; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,jdhy; vg;NghJk; K];ypk;fSld;> K];ypky;yhjhupd; ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; md;dhupdhy; G+uz cj;juthjk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;tUk; egpnkhop ,q;F Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lj;jf;fjhFk;.

''vth; (K];ypky;yhj) cld;gbf;if nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w xUtUf;F mePjpapiof;fpd;whNuh my;yJ mtupd; cupikia Fiwf;fpd;whNuh myyJ mtuJ rf;jpf;F Nky; mtUf;F nghWg;Gf;fis Rkj;Jfpd;whNuh my;yJ mtupd; kdtpUg;gpd;wp mtuplk; ,Ue;J VNjDnkhd;iw ngWfpd;whNuh mtUf;F vjpuhf kWikapy; ehd; thjpLgtdhf ,Ug;Ngd;."" (Mjhuk;: mG+jhT+j;)

tpyf;fis Fwpf;fpd;w mjptd;ikahd trd mikg;gpy; ,e;egpnkhop mike;jpUf;fpwJ. gpw kjj;ijr; Nrh;e;j xUtUf;F mePjpapioj;jy; my;yJ mtuJ rf;jpf;F Nky; xd;iwr; nra;AkhW mtiug; gzpj;jy; my;yJ mtupd; epahakhdNjhh; cupikia gwpj;jy; Kjyhd mj;JkPwy;fspy; <LgLgth;fis ,e;egp nkhop vt;tsT J}uk; fLikahf vr;rupf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid mtjhdpf;fyhk;. kw;WnkhU egpnkhop gpd;tUkhW:

''vth; K];ypky;yhj rpWghd;ik ,dj;ijr; Nrh;e;j xUtiu ,k;rpf;fpd;whNuh ehd; mtuJ vjpupahNtd;. ehd; vtuJ vjpupahf ,Uf;fpd;NwNdh kWikapy; mtUf;nfjpuhf thjpLgtdhf ,Ug;Ngd;."" (jhuPF gf;jhj; - my;fjPGy; gf;jhjp)

''vth; cld;gbf;if nra;J thOk; xU K];ypky;yhj xUtiuf; nfhiy nra;fpwhNuh mth; Rtdj;jpd; thiliaf; $l Efukhl;lhh;. mtiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; Rtdj;jpd; thil ehw;gJ Mz;L njhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk;."" (Mjhuk;: ]`P`{y; Gfhup)

,t;thW K];ypky;yhjhupd; XH cupikapy; $l if itg;gjid my;yJ mth;fSf;F mePjp ,iog;gjid xU ngUk; Fw;wr; nrayhfTk; ngUk; ghtkhfTk; fUJfpd;w jdpj;Jtkhd khh;f;fkhf ,];yhk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

,];yhj;jpy; gpwrkaj;jtupd; cupikfs; vt;tsT J}uk; cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gjw;F fpwp];jth;fshf ,Ue;j e[;uhd; thrpfSld; egp (]y;) mth;fs; nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;if kw;WnkhU rhd;whFk;. mt;Tld;gbf;ifapd; cs;slf;fk; gpd;tUkhW:

''e[;uhd; thrpfSk; mth;fisr; Nrh;e;NjhUk; my;yh`;tpd; ghJfhg;gpYk; mtdJ egpAk;> u]{Ykhd K`k;kJila nghWg;gpYk; ,Ug;gh;. mth;fspd; caph;>rkak;> epyk;> clikfs; cl;gl mth;fspy; (,q;F) ,Ug;gth;fs;> ,y;yhjth;fs; mlq;fyhf mth;fspd; tzf;f];jyq;fs;> topghLfs; Mfpa midj;jpw;Fk;> midtUf;Fk; ,g;ghJfhg;Gk; nghWg;GKz;L. NkYk; ve;j xU kjFUTk; my;yJ JwtpAk; mtuJ epiyapy; ,Ue;J ePf;fg;gl khl;lhh;. mt;thNw ve;j xU kjf;flikia epiwNtw;WgtUk; mf;flikia epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ,Ue;Jk; jLf;fg;gl khl;lhh;. rl;l G+Htkhf mth;fspd; iffspy; cs;s rpwpa> ngupa midj;Jk; mth;fSf;Nf nrhe;jkhditahFk;. mJ tl;bAlDk; [h`pypa;ahf;fhy gopf;Fg;gop thq;Fk; jz;lidAlDk; njhlh;gw;wjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xUth; ,th;fsplk; ,Ue;J xh; cupikia Nfhupdhy; ,Uj;jug;gpdUf;Fk; vj;jifa ghjpg;Gk; Vw;glhjtz;zk; ePjpahd Kiwapy; mJ jPHj;J itf;fg;gLk;. ,t;Tld;gbf;iff;F Kd;dh; vth; tl;b rk;ge;jkhd nfhLf;fy; thq;fypy; <Lgl;lhNuh mtUf;F ehd; nghUg;ghdtdy;y. NkYk; xUtupd; Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUth; jz;bf;fg;gl khl;lhh;. ,t;Tld;gbf;ifapd; gb elg;gjw;F my;yh`;Tk; mtdJ J}jUk; - my;yh`;tpd; fl;lis tUk; tiu - flikg;gl;lth;fshth;. NkYk; mth;fs; jq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; vj;jifa mePjpAk; ,ioj;Jf;nfhs;shky; rPuhf ele;Jnfhs;Sk; tiuf;Fk; ,t;Tld;gbf;if eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk;."" (,g;D ]/j;> mj;jgfhJy; Fg;uh)

,t;Tld;gbf;ifapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s 'xUth; nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUth; jz;bf;fg;gl khl;lhh;" vd;w fUj;J rpWghd;ikapdupy; xUtNuh my;yJ xU rpyNuh ,iof;fpd;w Fw;wq;fSf;fhf KO r%fKNk jz;bf;fg;gl KbahJ vd;w jw;fhy cyfj;jpw;F Njitahd gpujhdkhdnjhU mbg;gil Kd;itf;fg;gLfpwJ.

fhgph;fisf; nfhiy nra;AkhWk; mth;fis rpNefpjh;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLk; rl;l trdq;fis itj;J K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; K];ypky;yhjhUf;F vj;jifa mq;fPfhuKk; ,y;iy. mth;fspd; caph;> clikfspd; ghJfhg;gpw;Ff; $l vj;jifa cj;juthjKk; ,y;iy vd;W gpioahff; $wg;gLtJz;L. cz;ikapy; fhgph;fSld; K];ypk;fspd; Fwpj;j epiyg;ghL mth;fs; 'K`hupg;;" vd miof;fg;gLk; ,];yhj;jpdJk;> K];ypk;fspdJk; vjpupfshf> mth;fSld; NghuhLgth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;w epiyapy; khj;jpuNk mike;jpUg;gjhFk;. (ghh;f;f: my; `yhy; ty; `uhk; gpy; ,];yhk;> A+]{g; my;fh;shtp> gf;fk;; 282) vdNt ,e;epiyg;ghL tpjptpyf;fhdnjhd;whFk;. vy;yh rkaj;jth;fSlDk;> ,dj;jth;fSlDk; mth;fs; midtUk; my;yh`;tpd; FLk;gj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; vd;w Nghjidapd; mbg;gilapy; rkhjhdkhf> RKfkhd cwTfis tsh;j;Jf;nfhz;L tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,];yhj;jpd; vjph;g;ghh;g;ghFk;.

''vjphpfs; rkhjhdkhf tho tpUk;gpdhy; ePUk; mjw;F cld;gLtPuhf"" (8:61) vd;gJ my;FHMdpd; %yk; my;yh`; egpath;fSf;F ,l;l fl;lisahFk;. K];ypk;fis ,k;rpf;fhj> mth;fSld; rkhjhdkhf tho;fpd;w fhgph;fSld; vt;thW ey;YwT ghuhl;l Ntz;Lnkd;gijAk;> K];ypk;fis ,k;rpf;fpd;w mth;fSf;nfjpuhf NghuhLfpd;w fhgph;fSlNdNa cwTfis Jz;bj;J> Nkhjypy; <Lgl Ntz;Lnkd;gjidAk; gpd;tUk; my;FHMd; trdk; njspthf tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

''cq;fSf;F vjpuhf khh;f;f tplaj;jpy; Nghuhlhj> cq;fs; ,y;yq;fis tpl;Lk; cq;fis ntspNaw;whjth;fSf;F ePq;fs; ed;ik nra;tjidAk; mth;fSf;F ePjp toq;FtjidAk; my;yh`; jilnra;atpy;iy. epr;rakhf my;yh`; ePjp nrYj;Jgth;fis tpUk;Gfpwhd;. epr;rakhf vth; cq;fSf;nfjpuhf khh;f;f tplaj;jpy; Nghuhb cq;fs; ,y;yq;fis tpl;Lk; cq;fis ntspNaw;wp> ePq;fs; ntspNaw;wg;gLtjw;F cjtpAk; nra;jhh;fNsh mj;jifath;fis ePq;fs; Nerh;fshf Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjidj;jhd; my;yh`; jLf;fpd;whd;."" (]_wh my; Kk;j`pdh: 8)

cz;ikapy; ,e;j trdq;fs; K];ypk;> K];ypky;yhjhh; cwT gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;w ,];yhkpa rhrdkhf nfhs;sj;jf;fnjd;W mwpQH A+]{g; my; fh;shtp Fwpg;gpLk; fUj;J Nehf;jf;jf;fjhFk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j my; FHMd; trdk; K];ypk; my;yhjhUf;F ed;ik nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;gijf; Fwpg;gjw;F ngw;NwhUf;F ed;ik nra;jy; vd;gjid Fwpf;fpd;w 'gph;Ud;" vd;w nrhy;iy gad;gLj;jpapUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. NkYk; ePjpahf elj;jy; vd;w fUj;ij jUk; 'mj;y;" vd;w nrhy;iy gad;gLj;jhJ mjid tpl Mokhd nghUisj; jUk; 'fp];j;" vd;w gjk; K];ypk;ky;yhjhUld; ePjkhf ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gij Fwpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gijAk; mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. (ghh;f;f: my;`yhy; ty; `uhk; gpy; ,];yhk;>A+]{g; my;fh;shtp> gf;fk; : 279)

cz;ikapy; vy;yh gpw kjj;jth;fSNk K];ypk;fspd; vjpupfs; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; epiyg;ghlhf ,Ug;gpd;> Ntjj;ijAilath;fspd; ngz;fis K];ypk;fs; jpUkzk; Kbg;gjw;F ,];yhk; mDkjpia mspj;jpUf;f khl;lhjy;yth?! jpUkzk; vd;gJ gu];gu md;G> tpRthrk;> ek;gpf;if Mfpa flg;ghLfis Ntz;b epw;gjhFk; vd;gJ njupe;jNj. gpd;tUtd gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; Nfhl;ghLfSk; gpw rkaj;jth;fs; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; cld;ghlhd epiyg;ghl;Lf;F NkYk; tYT+l;Ltdthf mike;Js;sd.

1.,iwtd; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghL

2.kdpjd; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghL

3.r%fk; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghL

cyfpy; cs;s midtUk;> midj;Jk; my;yh`;tpd; gilg;Gf;fs; vd;gJk;> my;yh`;Nt vy;yh [PtuhrpfspdJk; gilg;ghsd; vd;gJk; ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilahdnjhU Nfhl;ghlhFk;. ,e;j tifapy; K];ypk;fs;> fhgph;fs; midtUk; my;yh`;tpd; FLk;gj;jth;fshf ,];yhj;jpd; ghh;itapy; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdh;. 'midj;Jg; gilg;gpdq;fSk; my;yh`;tpd; FLk;gkhFk;" (Mjhuk;: K];dJy; g];]hh;) vd;gJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; `jP]hFk;. NkYk; kdpjh;fs; midtUk; gpwf;fpd;w NghJ 'gpj;uh" vd;w ,];yhj;ij Vw;Fk; jd;ikapy; gpwe;jth;fs; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;jhFk;.

r%fk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd;gb [hjp> Fy NtWghLfs; ghuhl;lg;gLtjpy;iy. cah;[hjp (Masterrace) gw;wpa vz;zf;fUTk; ,];yhj;jpdhy; epuhfupf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. vy;NyhUk; Xh; MzpypUe;Jk; ngz;zpypUe;Jk; gilf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vd;w fUj;ij ,];yhk; Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. (ghh;f;f: my;FHMd; 4:1> 49:13) ,];yhj;jpd; ,j;jifa fz;Nzhl;lq;fspd; fhuzkhf K];ypk; r%fj;jpy; thOfpd;w K];ypky;yhj rpWghd;ikapdUf;F vj;jifa ghFghLk; fhl;lKbahky; Ngha;tpLfpwJ.

''xU r%fj;jpd; kPJs;s ntWg;ghdJ mth;fSld; ePq;fs; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;tjw;F jilahf mikaf;$lhJ. ePq;fs; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mJ jf;thTf;F kpf neUq;fpa epiyahFk;."" (5:8)

''mePjpapiof;fg;gl;ltdpd; gpuhh;j;jidiag; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> mtd; xU fhgpuhf ,Ug;gpDk; rupNa. mjw;Fk; my;yh`;Tf;FkpilNa vj;jifa jpiuAkpy;iy."" (Mjhuk;: K];dj; m`;kj;)vd;w `jP]{k; gpw r%fj;jth;fSld; vg;NghJk; K];ypk;fs; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;tjw;F J}z;LNfhyhf mikfpd;wd.

gpwrkaj;jth; njhlh;ghd ,];yhj;jpd; Nkw;Fwpj;j fUj;Jf;fs; ve;jsT J}uk; ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; nray;gLj;jg;gl;ld vd;gJk; Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.

• egpath;fs; jd; r%fj;jpy; tho;e;j gpwrkaj;jth;fSld; RKfkhd cwTfis itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. `{idd; Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ ,];yhj;ij jOthj epiyapy; ,Ue;j ]g;thd; ,g;D cikahtpd; cjtpia egpath;fs; ngw;whh;fs;. (Mjhuk; : ]{dd; ]<j;)

• `p[;uj;jpd; NghJ mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ciuf;fpj; vd;w K];ypky;yhjtiuNa jdf;F topfhl;bahf njupT nra;jhh;fs;. (Mjhuk; : ]`P`{y; Gfhup)

• xU A+juplk; egpath;fs; fld; ngw;w tuyhW kpfTk; gpugy;akhdJ (Mjhuk;- Gfhup)

• K];ypky;yhj kd;dh;fs; md;dhUf;F mDg;gp itj;j md;gspg;Gfis kdk; cte;J Vw;Wf;nfhz;lik ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. (Mjhuk;: K];dj; m`;kj;> ]{ dDj;jph;kpjp)

• xU rkaj;jpy; xU kuz CHtyj;ij fz;l egpath;fs; mjw;fhf vOe;J epd;whh;fs;. mJ xU A+jdpd; kuz Ch;tyk; vd;W md;dhUf;F nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. mjw;F md;dhh; 'mth; xU kdpj Md;kh ,y;iyah?" vd;W gjpyspj;jhh;fs;. (Mjhuk;; : ]`P`{y; Gfhup)

ckh; (uop) mth;fs; jdJ ,Wjpf; fhyg; gFjpapy; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;:

'jpk;kpfshd gpwkjj;jtUld; ey;y Kiwapy; ele;J nfhs;SkhWk;> mth;fSldhd cld;gbf;ifia epiwNtw;WkhWk;> mth;fSf;fhf NghuhLkhWk;> mth;fspd; rf;jpf;F Nky; mth;fs; kPJ nghWg;Gf;fis Rkj;jhjpUf;FkhWk; vd;id mLj;J tUk; fyPghtpw;F ehd; cgNjrk; Gupfpd;Nwd;." (mG+A+]{g;> fpjhGy;fuh[;> gf;fk;: 136> mG+ cigj;> fpjhGy; mk;thy;> gf;fk;:127)

fyPgh ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; mth;fs;> mjP ,g;D mh;jM vd;gtUf;F mDg;gpitj;j xU epUgj;jpy; [p];ah tupia nrYj;Jtjw;F rf;jpAs;sth;fs; kPNj mjid tpjpf;FkhWk; jpk;kpfspy; taJ Kjph;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf gytPdKw;W ciog;gpy; <Lgl Kbahjth;fs; ,Ug;gpd;> mth;fSf;F igj;Jy; khypy; ,Ue;J epjpAjtp toq;FkhWk; gzpj;jNjhL jdJ KbTf;F Mjhukhf gpd;tUk; rk;gtj;ijAk; Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b vOjpdhh;fs;. xU Kiw ckh; (uop) mth;fs; tPL tPlhfr; nrd;W ahrfk; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;j xU jpk;kp tNahjpgiuf; fz;lhh;fs;. mtiug; ghh;j;J ckh; (uop) mth;fs; 'ckf;F ehk; ePjp nrYj;jtpy;iy. ckJ ,sikg;gUtj;jpy; ck;kplk; ,Ue;J [p];ahitg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l ehk; ckJ tNahjpg gUtj;jpNyh ck;ik guhkupf;fhJ tPNz tpl;L tpl;Nlhk;" vd;W $wp tpl;L igj;Jy; khypy; ,Ue;J mtUf;F Njitg;gLk; epjpAjtpia toq;FkhW gzpj;jhh;fs;. (mG+ cigj;> my;mk;thy;> gf;fk;:48)

Muk;g fhy ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy; tho;e;j K];ypky;yhj rpWghd;ikapdh; mr;r%fj;jpy; vj;jifa ghJfhg;igAk; fhg;GWjpiaAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;gjw;F Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tplak; XH cah;e;j rhd;whFk;. md;iwa ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy; tho;e;j K];ypky;yhjhUf;F tNahjpgk;> tWik> Neha;> gpw mdh;j;jq;fs;> njhopypd;ik Nghd;w epiyikfspy; ,];yhkpa murpdhy; G+uz fhg;GWjp toq;fg;gl;likia fhz Kbfpd;wJ. fhypj; ,g;Dy; tyPj; (uop) mth;fs; <uhf;fpd; xU gpuNjrj;ij ifg;gw;wpaijaLj;J mth;fSld; nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w gpd;tUk; tplak; Nkw;Fwpj;j fUj;Jf;F kw;WNkhh; MjhukhFk;.

'xU tNahjpgh; njhopy; nra;a Kbahj epiyia mile;Jtpl;lhy; my;yJ mtUf;F NtW VNjDk; mdh;j;jk; epfo;e;J tpl;lhy; my;yJ nry;te;juuhf ,Ue;Jk; tWik te;Jtpl;lhy;> ,e;epiyfspy; VNjDk; Vw;gl;L mtupd; rkaj;jth;fs; mtUf;F jh;kk; toq;Ffpd;w epiy cUthfp ,Ue;jhy; mtuplkpUe;J [p];ah tup mwtplg;glkhl;lhJ. khwhf> mtUf;F igJy;khypUe;J epjpAjtp toq;fg;gLk;." (mG+A+]{g;> fpjhGy; fuh[;> gf;fk;: 155>156)

nghJthf ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; K];ypky;yhj rpWghd;ikapdh; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gLfpd;w ,e;j [p];ah tupia itj;J rpyh; ,];yhj;ij tpkh;rpg;gJz;L. ,jid cjhuzkhff; fhl;b ,];yhj;jpy; rpWghd;ikapdUf;Fupa ,lk; mspf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;W $wg;gLtJKz;L. vdNt [p];ah tupiag; gw;wpa cz;ikahd gpd;dzpia ,q;F rw;W Nehf;FtJ gaDs;sjhf mikAk;.

cz;ikapy; jpk;kpfspYs;s clyhNuhf;fpaKila> ciog;gpyPLgl;Ls;s Mz;fs; kPJ khj;jpuNk [p];ah tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kjFUkhh;> rpwhh;fs;> ngz;fs;> gytPdKw;w tNahjpgh;fs;> epue;ju Nehahspfs;> ciog;gpy; <LglKbahjth;fs; Nghd;NwhUf;F [p];ah tpjpahtjpy;iy. (mG+A+]{g;> fpjhGy; fuh[; gf;fk;: 131> 132) NkYk; [p];ah tupf;fhd njhif kpfTk; Fiwe;jjhFk;. rf;jpAs;sth;fNs mjidr; nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkd;wpUg;gjdhy; mJ vtUf;Fk; Rikahf ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. NkYk; rpWghd;ikapdh; ,];yhkpa muRf;F nrYj;Jfpd;w kpff; Fiwe;jgl;r gq;fspg;ghfNt ,J mikfpd;wJ. ,NjNtisapy; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhd K];ypk;fNsh ,jidtpl gy klq;F gq;fspg;Gf;fisr; nra;a flikg;gl;bUf;fpd;whh;fs;. cjhuzkhf: ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; xU K];ypk; nry;te;jdplk; xU kpy;ypad; &gha; ,Ue;jhy; mth; ,Ugj;J Iahapuk; &ghia ]f;fhj;jhf ,];yhkpa muRf;F nrYj;j Ntz;b ,Uf;Fk;. mNj Ntisapy; mtupd; gf;fj;J tPl;by; xU fpwp];jthplk; xU kpy;ypad; &gha; ,Ug;gpd; muRf;F [p];ah tupahf KOtUlj;jpw;Fkhd 48 &gha;fisNa mth; nrYj;jf; flikg;gl;ltuhapUg;ghh;. mjhtJ xU K];ypk; ,];yhkpa murpw;F xU rpWghd;ik ,dj;ijr; Nrh;e;jtiu tpl Rkhh; 500 klq;fpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l njhifia nrYj;j Ntz;batuhAs;shh;. (ghh;f;f: Nkw;gb E}y; gf;fk;:132) ,f;fUj;jpw;F gpd;tUk; Nkw;Nfhs; Mjhukhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

''trjpAilath; 48 jph;`q;fisAk;> kj;jpkkhdth; 24 jph;`q;fisAk;> NjitAilatuhf ,Uf;fpd;w ifj;njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;sth; 12 jph;`q;fisAk; [p];ahthf toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,j;njhif tUlhtUlk; ngwg;gLk;"" (Nkw;gb E}y;> gf;fk;:132)

jpk;kpfs;> ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; ,];yhkpa gpurhuj;jpy; <LgLkhNwh> [p`hjpy; fye;J nfhs;SkhNwh ,tw;wpw;fhf gz cjtpfs; toq;FkhNwh Ntz;lg;gLtjpy;iy. mth;fspd; kjr; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd cj;juthjkhf ,J mikfpd;wJ. ,r;rYiffSf;F XusT gpujpaPlhfTk; [p];ah tup mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. K];ypKila ciog;G> caph;> nghUs;> jpahfk; Kjyhdtw;wpw;F Kd;dhy; xU jpk;kp toq;Ffpd;w rpy &gha;fs; vd;d ngWkjpAilajhf ,Uf;f KbAk;?! NkYk; jpk;kpfs; Rje;jpukhf tptrhaj;jpYk; gpw th;j;jf thzpg njhopy; eltbf;iffspYk; <Lgl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy;> K];ypk; K[h`pj;fNsh ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G eltbf;ifapy; capiu gzak; itj;J <Lgl;bUg;ghh;fs;. mth;fspd; ,j;jpahfj;jpd; fhuzkhfNt jpk;kpfsJ nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; ,ilepWj; jg;glhkYk; ,og;Gf;fisr; re;jpf;fhkYk; ,yhgfukhf miktjw;F topNaw;gLfpwJ. ,j;jifa ghJfhg;gpw;fhf Ml;rpapd; nryTfSf;fhf xU rpW njhifia gq;fspg;Gr; nra;tJ vy;yh tifapYk; epahakhdNj.

,];yhj;ij tpkh;rpf;Fk; kw;Wk; rpyh;> [p];ah nry;tj;jpw;fhd tupahf md;wp> jiyfSf;fhd tupahf mike;Js;sNjhL> jpk;kp jdpegh;fs; khj;jpuNk ,jid nrYj;j Ntz;bAk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. K];ypk;fSf;F ,j;jifanjhU tup ,y;yhikapdhy; ,t;tikg;G rpWghd;ikapdUf;F vjpuhf ,iof;fg;gLk; XH mePjp vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdh;. cz;ikapy; ,f;Fw;wr;rhl;L Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jf;fjy;y. Vnddpy;> ,J Nghd;w jiyfs; kPjhd xU tup K];ypk;fs; kPJk; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJNt ]fhJy; gpj;h; MFk;. ,jid K];ypk; Mz;> ngz;> rpwpNahh;> ngupNahh;> Rje;jpukhdth;> mbikfs;> MNuhf;fpaKilNahh;> Nehahspfs;> ciog;gpy; <LgLk; rf;jpAs;Nshh;> rf;jpaw;Nwhh; midtUk; - nghWg;ghsh; ,jid nrYj;Jk; rf;jp ngw;wtuhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; - epiwNtw;WtJ flikahFk;. Mdhy; [p];ahNth ciof;Fk; rf;jp ngw;w taJ te;j Mz;fSf;F khj;jpuNk tpjpahf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,];yhk; jdJ epoypy; thOk; rpWghd;ikapdUf;F Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cupikfSld; mth;fspd; czT> cil> ciwAs;> thfdk; Kjyhd Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhLf;Fk; flg;ghl;ilAk; nghWg;Ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. ,j;Njitfs; vt;thW ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; epiwthf G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld vd;gjw;F Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l cjhuzq;fNs NghJkhd rhd;Wfshf mikAk;.

,];yhkpa Ml;rpapy; rpWhgd;ikapdUf;F ve;jsT J}uk; kjr; Rje;jpuk; toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;gJk; ,q;Nf Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. ckh; (uop) Fj;]; gpuNjr fpwp];jth;fSf;F toq;fpa Rje;jpuk; gw;wp ,khk; jgup gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Ffpd;whh;:

'mth;fsJ Njthyaq;fspy; vtUk; FbapUf;fyhfhJ> mit mopf;fg;glf; $lhJ> mtw;wpd; vg;gFjpAk; cilf;fg;glyhfhJ" vd ckh; (uop) mth;fs; Rw;WepUgk; xd;iw mDg;gpajhf mth; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. (Mjhuk;: mj;jgup) NkYk; ckh; (uop) mth;fs; Fj;]; gpuNjrj;jpw;F nrd;wpUe;j Ntisapy; mq;fpUe;j kpfg; ngupa fpwp];jt Njthyaj;jpw;F nrd;whh;fs;. mth;fs; mq;fpUf;Fk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; m]h; njhOifia epiwNtw;w Ntz;bNaw;gl;l NghjpYk;> md;dhh; mj;Njthyaj;jpy; njhOif epiwNtw;w kWj;J tpl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; njhOjij fhuzq;fhl;b gpw;fhy K];ypk;fs; mjid xU k];[pjhf khw;wp tpLth; vdg; gae;jjpdhy; jhd; mth;fs; mt;thW ele;J nfhz;lhh;fs;.

NkYk; ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd; NghJ K];ypky;yhNjhh; Njthyaq;fis Gjpjhf eph;khzpf;fTk; ngUehl;fis nfhz;lhlTk; G+uz mDkjp toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. jpUehl;fspd; NghJ fpwp];jth;fs; rpYitfisAk;> nkYFth;j;jpfisAk; Rke;J nfhz;L ,];yhkpa efuq;fspd; tPjpfspy; CHtyk; nry;NthuhfTk; ,Ue;jdh;.

fpwp];jth;fshf ,Ue;j e[;uhd; J}Jf;FO xd;W egp (]y;) mth;fis re;jpf;f te;j NghJ mth;fis gs;spthaypy; itj;Nj egpath;fs; tuNtw;W cgrupj;jNjhL mth;fspd; tzf;fq;fis k];[pjpd; xU gf;fj;jpy; epiwNtw;wTk; Vw;ghL nra;J nfhLj;jhh;fs;. (Mjhuk;: ]PuJ ,g;D ,];`hf;) ',];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; khj;jpuNk k];[pJfSk;> Njthyaq;fSk; mUfUNf ,Ue;jd" vd;w fyhepjp K];jgh ]pgh<apd; fUj;J ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

'rl;lj;jpd; Kd; ahtUk; rkNk" vd;gJ rl;lj;Jiwapy; ,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;ifahf khj;jpukd;wp mJ> mjpraj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;likiaAk; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. \hPM rl;lkhdJ [hjp> kj Ngjq;fisNah> r%f> nghUshjhu Vw;wj;jho;TfisNah ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shjJ. NkYk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhy; K];ypk;fs;> K];ypky;yhjth;fs; midtUk; rkkhfNt elhj;jg;gLthh;fs;. xU A+jd; kPJ jpUl;Lf; Fw;wr; rhl;L Rkj;jg;gl;l NghJ mtd; epuguhjp vd;gjid tpsf;fp my;FHMd; trdq;fNs ,wf;fg;gl;ld. (ghh;f;f: 4:105-109)

fyPgh myp (uop) mth;fspd; Nflaj;ij jpUba me;epa kjj;jtUf;nfjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;il Nghjpa rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhjjpdhy; ePjpgjp \{iu`; epuhfupj;J tof;if js;Sgb nra;j tuyhw;iwAk; ,q;F Fwpg;gpl KbAk;.

NkYk; ,];yhkpa \hPM rl;lj;jpd; gb gpw rkaj;jth;fs; jkJ jdpg;gl;l tptfhuq;fis jq;fspd; jdpahh; rl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g jPHkhdpj;Jf;nfhs;s G+uz mDkjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU tplak; ,];yhj;jpy; jilnra;ag;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; mth;fsJ rkaj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; mjid nra;tjw;F mth;fs; cupik cilath;fshth;. ePjpkd;wk; mth;fspd; jdpahh; rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mth;fspd; gpur;rpidfis jPHj;J itf;Fk;. egp (]y;) mth;fsJ fhyk; cl;gl ,];yhkpa Ml;rpahsh;fs; midtuJ fhyq;fspYk; ,k;Kiw filgpbf;fg;gl;ljid fhzyhk;.

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